Aire acondicionado

Wang, S.K. and Lavan, Z. “Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration” Mechanical Engineering Handbook Ed. Frank Kreith Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999

c

1999 by CRC Press LLC

Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
Shan K. Wang
Individual Consultant

9.1 9.2

Introduction ......................................................................9-2
Air-conditioning • Air-Conditioning Systems •AirConditioning Project Development and System Design

Zalman Lavan
Professor Emeritus, Illinois Institute of Technology

Psychrometrics ...............................................................9-11
Moist Air • Humidity and Enthalpy • Moist Volume, Density, Specific Heat, and Dew Point • Thermodynamic Wet Bulb Temperature and Wet Bulb Temperature • Psychometric Charts

9.3Air-Conditioning Processes and Cycles ........................9-18
Air-Conditioning Processes • Space Conditioning, Sensible Cooling, and Sensible Heating Processes • Humidifying and Cooling and Dehumidifying Processes • Air-Conditioning Cycles and Operating Modes

9.4

Refrigerants and Refrigeration Cycles ..........................9-34
Refrigeration and Refrigeration Systems • Refrigerants,Cooling Mediums, and Absorbents • Classification of Refrigerants • Required Properties of Refrigerants • Ideal Single-Stage Vapor Compression Cycle • Coefficient of Performance of Refrigeration Cycle • Subcooling and Superheating • Refrigeration Cycle of Two-Stage Compound Systems with a Flash Cooler • Cascade System Characteristics

9.5

Outdoor Design Conditions and Indoor Design Criteria...............................................................9-48
Outdoor Design Conditions • Indoor Design Criteria and Thermal Comfort • Indoor Temperature, Relative Humidity, and Air Velocity • Indoor Air Quality and Outdoor Ventilation Air Requirements

9.6

Load Calculations ..........................................................9-54
Space Loads • Moisture Transfer in Building Envelope •Cooling Load Calculation Methodology • Conduction Heat Gains • Internal Heat Gains • Conversion of Heat Gains into Cooling Load by TFM • Heating Load

9.7 9.8

Air Handling Units and Packaged Units .......................9-65
Terminals and Air Handling Units • Packaged Units • Coils • Air Filters • Humidifiers

Refrigeration Components and Evaporative Coolers.......................................................9-76
Refrigeration Compressors • Refrigeration Condensers • Evaporators and Refrigerant Flow Control Devices • Evaporative Coolers

© 1999 by CRC Press LLC

9-1

9-2

Section 9

9.9

Water Systems................................................................9-87
Types of Water Systems • Basics • Water Piping • PlantBuilding Loop •Plant-Distribution-Building Loop

9.10 Heating Systems.............................................................9-95
Types of Heating Systems

9.11 Refrigeration Systems ..................................................9-103
Classifications of Refrigeration Systems

9.12 Thermal Storage Systems ............................................9-114
Thermal Storage Systems and Off-Peak Air-Conditioning Systems •Ice-Storage Systems • Chilled-Water Storage Systems

9.13 Air System Basics........................................................9-120
Fan-Duct Systems • System Effect • Modulation of Air Systems • Fan Combinations in Air-Handling Units and Packaged Units • Fan Energy Use • Year-Round Operation and Economizers • Outdoor Ventilation Air Supply

9.14 Absorption Systems.....................................................9-130
Double-Effect Direct-Fired Absorption Chillers • Absorption Cycles, Parallel-, Series-, and Reverse-Parallel Flow

9.15 Air-Conditioning Systems and Selection.....................9-135
Basics in Classification • Individual Systems • Packaged Systems • Central Systems • Air-Conditioning System Selection • Comparison of Various Systems • Subsystems • Energy...