Chemical Reactions

Intermediate for the chemical industry, for example for the manufacture of corrosion inhibitors, flotation aids, fuel and lubricating oil additives, polyvinyl chloride stabilizers, pharmaceuticals,cosmetics, essences, plasticizers, rubber auxiliaries and paint solvents.

COSMETICS MANUFACTURING
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Stable photoprotective cosmetic emulsions,notably water-in-oil emulsions well suited for the UV-photoprotection of the skin, lips, mucous membranes and/or hair, contain at least one aqueous phase, at least one oily phase, an effectiveUV-photoprotecting amount of at least one coated or uncoated metal oxide UV-blocking agent and an effective stabilizing amount of at least one amphiphilic oligomer or polymer derived from a polyolefin which alsocomprises at least one polar moiety, formulated into a physiologically acceptable medium therefor.
photoprotective cosmetic emulsion comprising at least one aqueous phase, at least one oily phase, aneffective UV-photoprotecting amount of at least one metal oxideUV-blocking agent and an effective stabilizing amount of at least one amphiphilic oligomer or polymer derived from a polyolefin whichalso comprises at least one polar moiety, formulated into a physiologically acceptable medium therefor.

Thermodynamics tells us that the equilibrium state differs from the initial unmixed state by achange in free energy, G. More specifically, the degree of mixing found at equilibrium state is the one that minimizes G for the entire system (defined here as all of the molecules in the twoliquids). To see how we work with a quantity like G, let’s assume that mixing occurs when the two liquids are placed in contact, i.e., the system starts off unmixed with free energy Gunmixed and then reachesequilibrium as a mixture with free energy Gmixed. The change in free energy is given by ΔGmixing, where:
ΔGmixing = Gmixed - Gunmixed
nthalpy of mixing. The role of enthalpy in the mixing of two...