Concrete mix desing

Concrete Mix Design, Quality Control and Specification

Concrete Mix Design, Quality Control and Specification
SECOND EDITION

KEN W.DAY Concrete Advice Pty Ltd, Croydon, Victoria, Australia

London and New York

First published 1995 by E & FN Spon, an imprint of Chapman and Hall Second edition published 1999 by E & FN Spon 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously publishedin the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 E & FN Spon is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 1995, 1999 Ken W.Day All rights reserved. No partof this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the informationcontained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Day, Ken W. Concrete mix design, quality control, and specification/Ken W. Day. —2nd ed. p. cm. Includesbibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-419-24330-5 (hardbound: alk. paper) 1. Concrete-Mixing-Quality control. 2. Concrete-Specifications. I. Title TA439.D39 1999 620.1′36–dc21 98–51602 CIP ISBN 0-203-22073-0 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN 0-203-27554-3 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-419-24330-5 (Print Edition)

Contents

Preface to second edition Preface to first edition AcknowledgementsForeword by John J.Peyton Foreword by Bryant Mather Foreword by Joe D.Dewar 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Design of concrete mixes Philosophy Design criteria Use of strength as a basis Considerations other than strength Selection of design strength The cube/cylinder relationship Flexural and tensile strength Some historical and alternative systems of mix design1:2:4 mixes Ideal grading curves Gap gradings Road Note 4 BRE/DOE system Manual use of Conad system The ACI system Trial mix methods Dewar: particle interference and void filling

ix xi xiv xv xvii xviii 1 1 2 2 3 10 12 13 17 17 18 18 19 20 23 26 27 29

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2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 4 4.1 4.2 4.3

deLarrard: void filling and maximum paste thickness Popovics Brusin method RILEM Technical Committee TC 70-OMD Assessment of alternatives The Conad Mixtune method of mix design Validation of the method Providing service to an existing major producer The Conad concept: MSF, EWF and SS Specific surface Surface modulus Particle shape Modified specific surface Silt content Packing considerationsTemperature/time effect Water factor (including water-reducing admixture effect) Pozzolanic materials and slag Overall water predictions Fine aggregate water requirement related to void percentage and flow time Strength considerations Yield and unit weight Trial mixes Implementation systems Computerization High strength/high performance concrete Philosophy and techniques of quality control Historicalevolution The nature of concrete variability Quality control techniques

32 32 33 34 35 37 37 39 40 41 42 42 43 44 45 46 46 50 50 51 53 55 56 57 75 75 79 80 82 86

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4.4 4.5 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7

Control charts Computerization of QC procedures The Conad quality control system Development of...