Diatoméas
Páginas: 27 (6564 palabras)
Publicado: 10 de abril de 2016
Tolerancia de diez especies de diatomeas (Bacillariophyceae)
a los factores físico-químicos del agua en el Río Sarapiquí, Costa Rica
Edwin Céspedes-Vargas1,2, Gerardo Umaña-Villalobos2,3 & Ana Margarita Silva-Benavides2,3
1.
2.
3.
922 - 4050 Alajuela, Costa Rica; edwincespedesv@gmail.com
Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José 11501, Costa Rica;gerardo.umana@ucr.ac.cr, ana.silva@ucr.ac.cr
Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José
11501, Costa Rica.
Recibido 10-III-2015.
Corregido 22-VIII-2015.
Aceptado 24-IX-2015.
Abstract: The tolerance of ten diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) to water’s physico-chemical factors in
the Sarapiqui River, Costa Rica. Benthic diatoms are theperiphyton component most studied in Costa Rican
rivers, yet there is still much to be known about their ecology. This study aims to contribute to this knowledge.
Periphyton samples from six locations along the middle reach of Sarapiquí river and some of its tributaries
were taken and analyzed from 2010 to 2012. A total count of 400 frustules was performed in each sample to
obtain relative abundances ofeach species. Ten species, which were easily recognized at the light microscope,
were analyzed here: Achnanthidium exiguum, Coconneis placentula, Cymbella tumida, Luticola goeppertiana,
Luticola ventricosa, Navicula symmetrica, Nitzchia clausii, Nupela praecipua, Reimeria sinuata and Synedra
goulardi. Their abundance was related to physico chemical data at each site for every sampling date(dissolved
oxygen, temperature, conductivity, total suspended solids, turbidity, pH and alkalinity) with a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) that allowed distinguishing three sectors along the river according to altitude.
These sectors differed by substrate, riparian vegetation cover, and physic-chemical parameters, all of which
resulted in differences in diatom species composition among them.Optimum values and tolerances form each
environmental parameter were calculated for each species. Our results showed that A. exiguum, R. sinuata, L.
ventricosa and C. tumida, were dominant in clean and well oxygenated waters with low temperatures. The species N. praecipua, S. goulardi, C. placentula, L. goeppertiana, N. clausii and N. symmetrica inhabited warm
waters with high turbidity and low oxygen.The species A. exiguum, R. sinuata were dominant in sites with low
alkalinity and conductivity, whereas species like N. symmetrica, C. tumida and L. ventricosa showed a positive
relationship with conductivity and pH. The studied species showed good characteristics of their value as water
quality indicators, yet due to different interpretations by several authors, it is necessary to performfurther studies
at more river basins in the country. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (1): 105-115. Epub 2016 March 01.
Key words: Costa Rica, diatoms, ecology, water physico chemistry, Sarapiquí River, tolerance, optimum values.
La ecología de los ríos y riachuelos fue
inicialmente resumida por Hynes (1970), quien
los describe como ambientes donde predominan organismos del bentos, cuyos hábitos
de vida se asocianal material del fondo y la
composición de la comunidad depende de la
estructura física del material del sustrato. En
los ríos de montaña y zonas bajas el sustrato normalmente consiste de grandes rocas o
cantos rodados (Leopold, Wolman, & Miller,
1992) sobre los que crece el perifiton como
productor primario principal. El perifiton es
una comunidad compleja que incluye varios
grupos de algas,hongos, bacterias y protozoos
o micro metazoos (Azim, Beveridge, van Dam,
& Verdegem, 2005; Roldán-Pérez & RamírezRestrepo, 2010). Uno de los componentes
más importantes son las diatomeas (Clase
Bacillariophyceae, División Heterokontophyta)
(Lee, 2008). Las diatomeas son reconocidas
mundialmente como indicadoras de contaminación orgánica y eutrofización (Lobo et al.,
Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop....
a los factores físico-químicos del agua en el Río Sarapiquí, Costa Rica
Edwin Céspedes-Vargas1,2, Gerardo Umaña-Villalobos2,3 & Ana Margarita Silva-Benavides2,3
1.
2.
3.
922 - 4050 Alajuela, Costa Rica; edwincespedesv@gmail.com
Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José 11501, Costa Rica;gerardo.umana@ucr.ac.cr, ana.silva@ucr.ac.cr
Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José
11501, Costa Rica.
Recibido 10-III-2015.
Corregido 22-VIII-2015.
Aceptado 24-IX-2015.
Abstract: The tolerance of ten diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) to water’s physico-chemical factors in
the Sarapiqui River, Costa Rica. Benthic diatoms are theperiphyton component most studied in Costa Rican
rivers, yet there is still much to be known about their ecology. This study aims to contribute to this knowledge.
Periphyton samples from six locations along the middle reach of Sarapiquí river and some of its tributaries
were taken and analyzed from 2010 to 2012. A total count of 400 frustules was performed in each sample to
obtain relative abundances ofeach species. Ten species, which were easily recognized at the light microscope,
were analyzed here: Achnanthidium exiguum, Coconneis placentula, Cymbella tumida, Luticola goeppertiana,
Luticola ventricosa, Navicula symmetrica, Nitzchia clausii, Nupela praecipua, Reimeria sinuata and Synedra
goulardi. Their abundance was related to physico chemical data at each site for every sampling date(dissolved
oxygen, temperature, conductivity, total suspended solids, turbidity, pH and alkalinity) with a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) that allowed distinguishing three sectors along the river according to altitude.
These sectors differed by substrate, riparian vegetation cover, and physic-chemical parameters, all of which
resulted in differences in diatom species composition among them.Optimum values and tolerances form each
environmental parameter were calculated for each species. Our results showed that A. exiguum, R. sinuata, L.
ventricosa and C. tumida, were dominant in clean and well oxygenated waters with low temperatures. The species N. praecipua, S. goulardi, C. placentula, L. goeppertiana, N. clausii and N. symmetrica inhabited warm
waters with high turbidity and low oxygen.The species A. exiguum, R. sinuata were dominant in sites with low
alkalinity and conductivity, whereas species like N. symmetrica, C. tumida and L. ventricosa showed a positive
relationship with conductivity and pH. The studied species showed good characteristics of their value as water
quality indicators, yet due to different interpretations by several authors, it is necessary to performfurther studies
at more river basins in the country. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (1): 105-115. Epub 2016 March 01.
Key words: Costa Rica, diatoms, ecology, water physico chemistry, Sarapiquí River, tolerance, optimum values.
La ecología de los ríos y riachuelos fue
inicialmente resumida por Hynes (1970), quien
los describe como ambientes donde predominan organismos del bentos, cuyos hábitos
de vida se asocianal material del fondo y la
composición de la comunidad depende de la
estructura física del material del sustrato. En
los ríos de montaña y zonas bajas el sustrato normalmente consiste de grandes rocas o
cantos rodados (Leopold, Wolman, & Miller,
1992) sobre los que crece el perifiton como
productor primario principal. El perifiton es
una comunidad compleja que incluye varios
grupos de algas,hongos, bacterias y protozoos
o micro metazoos (Azim, Beveridge, van Dam,
& Verdegem, 2005; Roldán-Pérez & RamírezRestrepo, 2010). Uno de los componentes
más importantes son las diatomeas (Clase
Bacillariophyceae, División Heterokontophyta)
(Lee, 2008). Las diatomeas son reconocidas
mundialmente como indicadoras de contaminación orgánica y eutrofización (Lobo et al.,
Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop....
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