Dictionaries and language learners

e DICTIONARIES AND LANGUAGE LEARNERS I

DICTIONARIES AND LANGUAGE LEARNERS

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DICTIONARIES AND LANGUAGE LEARNERS

INTRODUCTION

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PH ILI P P E H UM B L É

DI C T IO N A RIE S AN D L ANGU A G E LE A RN E R S

HAAG + HE RC HE N VE RLAG

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DICTIONARIES AND LANGUAGE LEARNERS

CIP-Titelaufnahme der Deutschen Bibliothek

HUMBLÉ, Philippe: Dictionaries and LanguageLearners/Philippe Humblé. – Frankfurt am Main: Haag und Herchen, 2001.

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Every author may aspire to praise, the lexicographer can only hope to escape reproach, and even this negative recompense has been granted to very few. Johnson in the Preface to the English Dictionary.

Voor Fernand Humblé, In memoriam

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Table of Contents
Introduction .......................................................................................15 CHAPTER 1 DICTIONARIES, HISTORY AND LEARNERS’ NEEDS..........................................................................29 1. The History of Dictionaries ................................................... 29 2. Learner’s Dictionaries.......................................................... 33 3. Bilingual Dictionaries ........................................................... 36 4. Bilingualised Dictionaries ..................................................... 37 5. The Longman Language Activator ......................................... 38 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITTERATURE.........................................41 1. Dictionary Use andUsers – Questionnaires and Experiments ... 41 1. Questionnaires ................................................................. 42 2. Criticism of Questionnaires ................................................ 43 3. Controlled Experiments..................................................... 45 4. Atkins and Varantola ........................................................ 46 5. Hilary Nesi’sResearch on Examples................................... 48 2. Dictionaries and Computers .................................................. 50 3. The Need for a New Kind of Research ................................... 53 CHAPTER 3 EXAMPLES: THE CORE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEXICOGRAPHY...............................................................................55 1. General Considerations........................................................ 55 1. The Research on Examples................................................ 55 2. Types of Examples ........................................................... 58 3. The Function of Examples ................................................. 61 4. Examples for Decoding and Examples for Encoding.............. 61 2. Examples in Learner’s Dictionaries. TheProblem of Collocation and Syntax. ............................................................................ 62 1. Classification.................................................................... 62 2. Decoding......................................................................... 63 3. Encoding......................................................................... 65 4. Requirements forexamples................................................ 69 3. Cobuild and Authentic vs. Made-Up Examples........................ 78 1. The Defence of ‘Authentic Language’ ................................. 79 2. Criticisms of Cobuild and the Authentic Examples Policy ...... 80 3. Corpora........................................................................... 81 4. The Didactic Point of View................................................ 81

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4. Examples in Bilingual Dictionaries. ....................................... 84 1. The Examples for Road in Collins Spanish-English ............... 86 2. The Examples for Road in Oxford-Hachette......................... 93 CHAPTER 4 AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEXICOGRAPHY...