Doctor

National High Blood Pressure Education Program

Complete Report

The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on

Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure

U . S . D E P A R T M E N T O F H E A LT H A N D H U M A N S E R V I C E S National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Complete Report

The Seventh Report of theJoint National Committee on

Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure
This work was supported entirely by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The Executive Committee, writing teams, and reviewers served as volunteers without remuneration.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and BloodInstitute National High Blood Pressure Education Program NIH Publication No. 04-5230 August 2004

Chair Aram V. Chobanian, M.D. (Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA) Executive Committee George L. Bakris, M.D. (Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL); Henry R. Black, M.D. (Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL); William C. Cushman, M.D. (Veterans Affairs Medical Center,Memphis, TN); Lee A. Green, M.D., M.P.H. (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI); Joseph L. Izzo, Jr., M.D. (State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY); Daniel W. Jones, M.D. (University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS); Barry J. Materson, M.D., M.B.A. (University of Miami, Miami, FL); Suzanne Oparil, M.D. (University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL);Jackson T. Wright, Jr., M.D., Ph.D. (Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH) Executive Secretary Edward J. Roccella, Ph.D., M.P.H. (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD) Financial Disclosures Dr. Chobanian has received honoraria for serving as a speaker from Monarch, Wyeth, AstraZeneca, Solvay, and Bristol-Myers Squibb.
Dr. Bakris has received honoraria for serving as aspeaker from Astra-Zeneca, Abbott, Alteon, Biovail, Boerhinger-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis, Sanofi, Sankyo, and Solvay; he has received funding/grant support for research projects from National Institutes of Health, AstraZeneca, Abbott, Alteon, Boerhinger-Ingelheim, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis, Sankyo, and Solvay; he has served as aconsultant/advisor for Astra-Zeneca, Abbott, Alteon, Biovail, Boerhinger-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis, Sanofi, Sankyo, and Solvay. Dr. Black has received honoraria for serving as a speaker from Astra-Zeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Pfizer, Pharmacia, and Wyeth-Ayerst; he

has received funding/grant support for research projects from Bristol-MyersSquibb, BoehringerIngelheim, Merck, Pfizer, and Pharmacia; he has served as a consultant/advisor for Abbott, AstraZeneca, Biovail, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Pfizer, and Pharmacia. Dr. Carter has served as a consultant/advisor for Bristol-Myers Squibb. Dr. Cushman has received funding/grant support for research projects from Astra-Zeneca, Merck, Pfizer, Kos, Aventis Pharma, KingPharmaceuticals, GlaxoSmithKline, and Boehringer-Ingelheim; he has served as a consultant/advisor for Bristol-Myers Squibb, Sanofi, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Pfizer, Solvay, Pharmacia, Takeda, Sankyo, Forest, and Biovail. Dr. Izzo has received honoraria for serving as a speaker from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Merck, Pfizer, Astra-Zeneca, Solvay, Novartis, Forest, and Sankyo; he has received funding/grantsupport for research projects from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Merck, Astra-Zeneca, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, and Biovail; he served as a consultant/advisor for Merck, Astra-Zeneca, Novartis, Intercure, Sankyo, and Nexcura; he has stock holdings in Intercure, Nexcura. Dr. Jones has served as a consultant/advisor for Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Forest, and Novartis. Dr. Manger has served as...