economia

1. Conceptos económicos fundamentales
1.1. Lo básico:
1.1.1. Los principios de la economía
A) How People Make Decisions
Principle
Principle
Principle
Principle

1:
2:
3:
4:

People Face Trade-offs
The Cost of Something Is What You Give Up to Get It
Rational People Think at the Margin
People Respond to Incentives

B) How People Interact
Principle 5: Trade Can Make EveryoneBetter Off
Principle 6: Markets Are Usually a Good Way to Organize Economic Activity
Principle 7: Governments Can Sometimes Improve Market Outcomes

C) How the Economy as a Whole Works
Principle 8: A Country’s Standard of Living Depends on Its Ability to Produce
Goods and Services
Principle 9: Prices Rise When the Government Prints Too Much Money
Principle 10: Society Faces a Short-RunTrade-off between Inflation and
Unemployment

1.1.2. The Economist as Scientist
1.1.2.1.
1.1.2.2.
1.1.2.3.
1.1.2.4.
1.1.2.5.

The Scientific Method: Observation, Theory, and More Observation
The Role of Assumptions
Economic Models
Our First Model: The Circular-Flow Diagram
Our Second Model: The Production Possibilities Frontier

Segunda Semana [Nov-27-Dic-03]
1.2. Temas Clave:
1.2.1.Economía 2.0
1.2.1.1.
1.2.1.2.
1.2.1.3.
1.2.1.4.

Que es y que solía ser la economía
La metáfora Hardware/Software de la economía
Economía 2.0 en la práctica
La nueva economía institucional de Douglass North

1.2.2. Conceptos relevantes
1.2.2.1. Desarrollo Económico y Dialéctica del Desarrollo
1.2.2.2. Productividad e innovación—importancia y relación
1.2.2.3. Empleo
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Políticas y fuerzas del mercado

1.2.3. Globalización


Sus causas y sus consecuencias [identificación de factores críticos]

1.3. Como es el funcionamiento de los mercados
Consumers, Producers, and the Efficiency of Markets

The Benevolent Social Planner
Consumer surplus = Value to buyers - Amount paid by buyers
Producer surplus = Amount received by sellers - Cost to sellersTotal surplus = (Value to buyers - Amount paid by buyers)
(Amount received by sellers - Cost to sellers)
Total surplus = Value to buyers - Cost to sellers
Evaluating the Market Equilibrium
Conclusion: Market Efficiency and Market Failure
Market power and externalities
Markets and Competency
The Market Forces of Supply and Demand
What Is a Market?
What Is Competition?
The Demand Curve:The Relationship between Price and Quantity Demanded
Shifts in the Demand Curve
Income
Not all goods are normal goods.
Prices of Related Goods
Tastes
Expectations
Number of Buyers
The Supply Curve:
The Relationship between Price and Quantity Supplied
Shifts in the Supply Curve
Input Prices
Technology
Expectations about the future
Number of Sellers
Three Steps to Analyzing Changes inEquilibrium
Conclusion: How Prices Allocate Resources
The Costs of Production
What Are Costs?
Total Revenue, Total Cost, and Profit
What is a firm’s profit?
Costs as Opportunity Costs
The Cost of Capital as an Opportunity Cost
Economic Profit versus Accounting Profit
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Políticas y fuerzas del mercado
Production and Costs
The Production Function
From theProduction Function to the Total-Cost Curve
The Various Measures of Cost
Fixed and Variable Costs
Average and Marginal Cost
Cost Curves and Their Shapes
U-Shaped Average
At the efficient scale,
Typical Cost Curves
Economies and Diseconomies of Scale
Firms and Competitive Markets
What Is a Competitive Market?
The Meaning of Competition
The Revenue of a Competitive Firm
Profit Maximization andthe Competitive Firm’s Supply Curve
The Firm’s Short-Run Decision to Shut Down
Conclusion
Monopoly
Why Monopolies Arise
How Monopolies Make Production and Pricing Decisions
Monopoly versus Competition
A Monopoly’s Revenue
Profit Maximization
A Monopoly’s Profit
The Welfare Cost of Monopolies
Is monopoly a good way to organize a market?
The Deadweight Loss
The Monopoly’s Profit: A...