Efectos De La Politica Educativa En El Crecimiento

The effects of educational policy on economic growth in México.
October 22th, 2012

¿Which results have been generated by the economic policies and by government incentives implemented in order todevelop human capital, and if this results have an impact in the dynamic of the economic growth of Mexico?


Background
The role of education in determining the productivity of the economy beganwith the work of Schultz (1962) and Denison (1962). Both argued the importance of considering human capital in the aggregate production function economy. However, the search for a theoreticalexplanation of the role of education in economic growth and development actually began with an article by Uzawa (1965), which introduced the educational sector in the economic growth model as a way togenerate continuous and sustained growth in the long term. The education sector has a leading role, is the source that increases the productivity of other sectors and therefore the economy. Despite thisprogress, the theoretical model proposed by Lucas (1988) was devoted to the importance of human capital in generating growth. The author demonstrated the effects of the externalities of human capitalaccumulation, being held in the education sector on the productivity of the economy. In his model of aggregate stock of human capital generates a spreading effect (spill over), which justifies publicinvestment in education, owed to social gain arising due to these investments.

Another important aspect of human capital accumulation was emphasized by Romer (1990). According to this author, humancapital has the capacity to generate innovations (ideas) in the sector of research and development. As a result, these ideas produce increases in aggregate productivity of the economy, by improving thecoefficient of technological inputs.

Briefly and in terms of aggregate, these models advocated that the accumulation of human capital (education) qualitatively improves the physical and human...