el computador

El computador
A computer or computer (English computer and east of the Latin computare -calculate), also called computer (the French computer , and that the Latin ordinator ) is an electronic machine that receives and processes data into information useful. A computer is a collection of integrated circuits and related components that can be executed with accuracy, speed and as indicated by auser or automatically by another program, a variety of sequences or routines of instructions that are ordered , organized and systematized according to a wide range of practical applications and precisely determined, a process which has been called by the name of programming and performing it is called programmer . The computer, in addition to routine or software , need specific data (these data,taken together, are known as "Input" in English or input ) to be supplied, and that are required at the time of execution , to provide the final product of processing of data, which is called "output" or output . The information can then be used, reinterpreted, copied, transferred, or transmitted to another (s) of person (s), computer (s) or component (s) e (s) locally or remotely using differentsystems of telecommunication , which can be recorded, saved or stored on any type of device or storage unit .
The main feature that distinguishes it from other similar devices like the calculator non programmable, is that it is a general purpose machine, ie you can perform many different tasks, according to the possibilities that offers programming languages ​​and hardware
Architectura
Althoughthe technologies used in digital computers have changed a lot since the first models appeared in the 40's , most still use the von Neumann architecture , published in the early 1940s by John von Neumann , other authors attributed to John Presper Eckert and John William Mauchly .
The Von Neumann architecture describes a computer with 4 main sections: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU for its acronymin English: A rithmetic L ogic U nit), the control unit , the main memory , and input and output devices ( E / S) . These parts are interconnected by conductive channels called buses :
The memory is a sequence of numbered storage cells, each of which is a bit or piece of information. The statement is the information necessary to make what you want with your computer. The "cells" containing dataneeded to carry out the instructions, with the computer. The number of cells vary widely from computer to computer, and the technologies used for memory have changed considerably, ranging from electromechanical relays, mercury-filled tubes that formed the acoustic pulses, permanent magnet arrays, individual transistors to circuits integrated with millions of cells in a single chip. In general,memory can be rewritten several million times ( RAM ) is more like a board than a tombstone memory ( ROM ) that can only be written once.
The processor (also called central processing unit or CPU ) comprises basic way the following elements:


A typical schematic symbol for an ALU: A and B are operands, R is the output, F is the input of the control unit , D is a state of the output.
Thearithmetic logic unit or ALU is a device designed and constructed to perform basic operations such as operations arithmetic (addition, subtraction, ...), operations logic (AND, OR, NOT) and comparison operations or relational . This unit is where all the work is computational.
The control unit is the address of the memory locations containing the instruction that the computer will be made ​​at that time,retrieves the information by putting it in the ALU for the operation to be developed. Then transfers the result to appropriate locations in memory. Once the above occurs, the control unit goes to the next instruction (usually located in the following position, unless the instruction is a jump instruction informing the computer that the next instruction will be located in a different position...