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Ma. del Carmen Mariño, Shohana Berenzon, Ma. Elena Medina Mora
Sindrome de dependencia al alcohol: comparación entre hombres y mujeres
Salud Mental, vol. 28, núm. 4, agosto, 2005, pp. 33-39,
Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz
México
Disponible en:http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=58242804

Salud Mental,
ISSN (Versión impresa): 0185-3325
perezrh@imp.edu.mx
Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la
Fuente Muñiz
México

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Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto

SÍNDROME DEDEPENDENCIA AL ALCOHOL: COMPARACIÓN
ENTRE HOMBRES Y MUJERES
Ma. del Carmen Mariño*, Shoshana Berenzon*,
Ma. Elena Medina-Mora*

SUMMARY
The main objective of this paper is to describe the way in which
the Alcohol Dependence Syndrome is manifested, according to
the criteria and indicators proposed by the DSM-IV, in a female
sample that sought help at a treatment center due to alcoholconsumption-related problems. A comparison was made with the
results obtained in a previous 211-male-sample at the same
treatment center.
Method: This project is a case study in which a sample of 100
females was interviewed at the Clínica para Atención de Problemas Relacionados con el Alcohol (CAPRA) (Clinic for the
Attention of Alcohol Related Problems) at the Hospital General
de México (themain general hospital for patients who do not
have social security benefits and come from different regions of
the country including rural areas).
The criteria for inclusion were: being aged 18 or over, female,
having sought help for the first time (at these centers) due to
alcohol problems and being physically and mentally able to answer
the questionnaire correctly. Females that hadpreviously been
treated were included. However, one of the requisites was that
they had to have drunk alcohol during the year before the interview
to warrant recent and current consumption, regardless of being
exposed to prior treatments, since the questionnaire includes the
previous 12 months as a parameter.
The instrument used to conduct this study was the Composite
International DiagnosticInterview, Substance Abuse Module
(CIDI-SAM). This instrument has been widely used with excellent
results on various population samples in the U.S., as well as on the
male population receiving treatment in Mexico. The instrument
included the following sections: sociodemographic characteristics,
amount and frequency of consumption; physical, psychological
and social problems; symptoms of alcoholdependence, and
pathways to health services. A few new sections were incorporated
with specific characteristics for women, such as the effects of
alcohol on women, alcohol consumption during pregnancy and
nursing, partner’s alcohol consumption and violent behavior in
the couple and their associated risks.
Results: The average age of the women interviewed was 47 years
old, ranging from 22 to91. Thirty-two percent were either married
or living with a partner, 20% were divorced, 26% were widows
and 22% were single. Seventy-four percent of them had children
and they had 4.5 children in average. The average educational
level was 4.7 years.

Fifty-two percent of the respondents reported drinking alcohol every day and 19% almost every day (five or six days a week),
with an averageof 4.2 drinks per occasion (52% of the women
reported having three to four drinks per occasion). The preferred
reported beverage was «pulque» (28%), followed by beer (25%)
and distilled beverages (21%). Other traditional drinks and «96°
proof” alcohol also showed a significant percentage (20%).
As for the Alcohol Dependence Syndrome, 50% of the women
met the dependency criteria proposed by...