Feeding
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Publicado: 12 de octubre de 2015
Feeding
This section is about shark feeding. For the sport of shark feeding, see
Shark baiting
.
Like many sharks, the great white shark is an
apex predator
in its environment.
Most sharks are
carnivorous
. Some species, including
tiger sharks
, eat just about anything. The
vast majority seek particular prey, and rarely vary their diet.
[42]
Whale
,
basking and
megamouth
sharks use filter feeding. These three species evolved
plankton
feeding independently and use different strategies. Whale sharks use suction to take in plankton
and small fishes. Basking sharks are ramfeeders, swimming through plankton blooms with their
mouth wide open. Megamouth sharks make suction feeding more efficient, using
luminescent tissue inside the mouth to attract prey in the deep ocean. This type of feeding requires
gill rakers
,
long slender filaments that form a very efficient
sieve
, analogous to the
baleen
plates of the
great
whales
. The shark traps the plankton in these filaments and swallows from time to time in huge
mouthfuls. Teeth in these species are comparatively small because they are not needed for
feeding.[42]
Other highly specialized feeders include
cookiecutter sharks
, which feed on flesh sliced out of
other larger fish and
marine mammals
. The teeth in these sharks are enormous compared to their
size. The lower jaw’s teeth are particularly sharp. Although they have never been observed feeding they are believed to latch onto their prey and use their thick lips to make a seal, twisting
their bodies to rip off flesh.
[16]
Some seabed dwelling species are highly effective ambush predators.
Angel sharks
and
wobbegongs
use camouflage to lie in wait and suck prey into their mouths. Many
benthic
sharks feed solely on crustaceans which they crush with their flat
molariform
teeth.
[43]
Other sharks feed on squid or fishes, which they swallow whole. The viper dogfish
has teeth it
can point outwards to strike and capture prey that it then swallows intact. The
great white
and
other large predators can either swallow small prey whole or take huge bites out of large animals.
Thresher sharks
use their long tails to stun shoaling fishes, and
sawsharks
either stir prey from
the seabed or slash at swimming prey with their toothstudded rostra
.
Many sharks, including the
whitetip reef shark
are cooperative feeders and hunt in packs to herd
and capture elusive prey. These social sharks are often migratory, travelling huge distances
around
ocean basins
in large schools. These migrations may be partly necessary to find new food
sources.
[44] Digestion can take a long time. The food moves from the mouth to a 'J' shaped stomach, where it
is stored and initial digestion occurs. Unwanted items may never get past the stomach, and
instead either vomit or turn their stomachs inside out and evert unwanted items from their
mouths.
[45]
One of the biggest differences between shark and mammalian digestion is sharks’ extremely
short intestine. This short length is achieved by the
spiral valve with multiple turns within a
single short section instead of a long tubelike intestine. The valve provides a long surface area,
requiring food to circulate inside the short gut until fully digested, when remaining waste
products pass into the
cloaca
.
[45]
Los tiburones blancos difieren bastante de ser simples "máquinas de matar", como sostiene la
imagen popular (
leyenda urbana) que se tiene de ellos. Para poder capturar los grandes
mamíferos
que constituye la base de la dieta de los adultos, los tiburones blancos practican una
característica
emboscada
: se sitúan a varios metros bajo la presa, que nada en la superficie o
cerca de ella, usando el color oscuro de su dorso como camuflaje con el fondo y volviéndose así ...
This section is about shark feeding. For the sport of shark feeding, see
Shark baiting
.
Like many sharks, the great white shark is an
apex predator
in its environment.
Most sharks are
carnivorous
. Some species, including
tiger sharks
, eat just about anything. The
vast majority seek particular prey, and rarely vary their diet.
[42]
Whale
,
basking and
megamouth
sharks use filter feeding. These three species evolved
plankton
feeding independently and use different strategies. Whale sharks use suction to take in plankton
and small fishes. Basking sharks are ramfeeders, swimming through plankton blooms with their
mouth wide open. Megamouth sharks make suction feeding more efficient, using
luminescent tissue inside the mouth to attract prey in the deep ocean. This type of feeding requires
gill rakers
,
long slender filaments that form a very efficient
sieve
, analogous to the
baleen
plates of the
great
whales
. The shark traps the plankton in these filaments and swallows from time to time in huge
mouthfuls. Teeth in these species are comparatively small because they are not needed for
feeding.[42]
Other highly specialized feeders include
cookiecutter sharks
, which feed on flesh sliced out of
other larger fish and
marine mammals
. The teeth in these sharks are enormous compared to their
size. The lower jaw’s teeth are particularly sharp. Although they have never been observed feeding they are believed to latch onto their prey and use their thick lips to make a seal, twisting
their bodies to rip off flesh.
[16]
Some seabed dwelling species are highly effective ambush predators.
Angel sharks
and
wobbegongs
use camouflage to lie in wait and suck prey into their mouths. Many
benthic
sharks feed solely on crustaceans which they crush with their flat
molariform
teeth.
[43]
Other sharks feed on squid or fishes, which they swallow whole. The viper dogfish
has teeth it
can point outwards to strike and capture prey that it then swallows intact. The
great white
and
other large predators can either swallow small prey whole or take huge bites out of large animals.
Thresher sharks
use their long tails to stun shoaling fishes, and
sawsharks
either stir prey from
the seabed or slash at swimming prey with their toothstudded rostra
.
Many sharks, including the
whitetip reef shark
are cooperative feeders and hunt in packs to herd
and capture elusive prey. These social sharks are often migratory, travelling huge distances
around
ocean basins
in large schools. These migrations may be partly necessary to find new food
sources.
[44] Digestion can take a long time. The food moves from the mouth to a 'J' shaped stomach, where it
is stored and initial digestion occurs. Unwanted items may never get past the stomach, and
instead either vomit or turn their stomachs inside out and evert unwanted items from their
mouths.
[45]
One of the biggest differences between shark and mammalian digestion is sharks’ extremely
short intestine. This short length is achieved by the
spiral valve with multiple turns within a
single short section instead of a long tubelike intestine. The valve provides a long surface area,
requiring food to circulate inside the short gut until fully digested, when remaining waste
products pass into the
cloaca
.
[45]
Los tiburones blancos difieren bastante de ser simples "máquinas de matar", como sostiene la
imagen popular (
leyenda urbana) que se tiene de ellos. Para poder capturar los grandes
mamíferos
que constituye la base de la dieta de los adultos, los tiburones blancos practican una
característica
emboscada
: se sitúan a varios metros bajo la presa, que nada en la superficie o
cerca de ella, usando el color oscuro de su dorso como camuflaje con el fondo y volviéndose así ...
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