Filariasis

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NOTES

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

Carter, H. F. (1950) Ceylon J. Sci. (B), 24, 1 Dobrotworsky, N. V. (1955) Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., 80, 33 Dobrotworsky, N. V. & Drummond, F. H. (1953) Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W., 78, 133 Downes, J. A. (1950) Nature (Lond.), 166, 510 Dyar, H.G. & Knab, F. (1909) Proc. ent. Soc. Wash., 11, 30 Edwards, F. W. (1922) J. trop. Med. Hyg., 25, 168 Edwards, F. W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region. III. Culicine adults and pupae, London Gordon, R. M. et al. (1932) Ann. trop. Med. Parasit., 26, 273 Haddow, A. J. (1942) Bull. ent. Res., 33, 91 Haddow, A. J. (1945) Bull. ent. Res., 36, 33 Haddow, A. J. (1954) Bull. ent. Res., 45, 199Haddow, A. J., Gillet, J. D. & Highton, R. B. (1947) Bull. ent. Res., 37, 301 Henrard, C., Peel, E. & Wanson, M. (1946) Rec. Sci. med. Congo belge, 5, 212 Hicks, E. P. (1932) Ann. trop. Med. Parasit., 26, 407 Huxley, J. (1942) Evolution: the modern synthesis, London Jayewickreme, S. H. (1953) Nature (Lond.), 171, 577 Jayewickreme, S. H. & Niles, W. J. (1952) Ceylon J. Sci. (B), 25, 1 Kerr, J. A.(1933) Bull. ent. Res., 24, 493 La Casse, W. J. & Yamaguti, S. (1950) Mosquito fauna of Japan and Korea, Kyoto Laven, H. (1953) Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. VererbLehre, 85, 118 Laven, H. (1956) Nature (Lond.), 171, 141 Lumsden, W. H. R. (1951) Bull. ent. Res., 42, 317 Lumsden, W. H. R. (1952) Bull. ent. Res., 42, 721 Lumsden, W. H. R. (1955) Bull. ent. Res., 46, 149 Mattingly, P. F. (1949) Bull. ent. Res.,40, 149 Mattingly, P. F. (1949) Bull. ent. Res., 40, 387 Mattingly, P. F. & Brown, E. S. (1955) Bull. ent. Res., 46, 69 Mattingly, P. F. & Knight, K. L. (1956) The mosquitoes of Arabia, London, vol. 1 Mattingly, P. F. et al. (1951) Trans. roy. ent. Soc. Lond., 102, 331 Mayr, E. (1942) Systematics and the origin of species, New York Provost, M. W. (1952) Mosquito News, 12, 174 Smith, A. (1955)Bull. ent. Res., 46, 419 Smith, A. (1955) Bull. ent. Res., 46, 437 Theobald, F. V. (1912) Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.), 15, 8 Waddington, C. H. (1954) The cell physiology of early development. In: Kitching, J. A., ed., Recent developments in cell physiology, London, pp. 105-119 Zanetti, V. (1931) Ann. Soc. belge Mid. trop., 11, 349

A Note on the Survival of the Microfilariae of Mansonellaozzardi
by Luis MAZZOTTI and EUGENIO PALOMO, Instituto de Salubridad y Enfermedades Tropicales, Mexico, D.F.

Various studies have been made on the period of survival of microfilariae in the blood. In 1892 Gruby and Delafond, after injecting blood containing Microfilaria repens into two healthy dogs, discovered that these embryos
575I

SURVIVAL OF M. OZZARDI MICROFILARIAE

697

weredetectable for a period of three years. a Fulleborn b repeated these experiments and found microfilariae of the same species in a dog which had received the injection two years and nine months previously. Hinman, Faust & De BakeyC injected blood containing Dirofilaria immitis into healthy dogs; microfilariae were found to be present during a period of six weeks. These investigators calculated that only 8%of the microfilariae injected appeared in the blood after the transfusion. Lane d endeavoured to explain the periodicity of the microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti and assumed that they live only a few hours, this being the reason why they disappear from the peripheral blood-stream during the day and are replaced by a fresh invasion of embryos, which are found in the blood the following night.On the basis of this theory various workers continued to carry out experiments mainly by injecting blood containing microfilariae into both animals and human beings. Murgatroyd,e for example, injected citrated blood containing 720 000 microfilariae of W. bancrofti, but was never able to detect the microfilariae in the person receiving the blood. Knottf injected 175 ml of blood containing 80...