Global Gender Gap 2012

Insight Report

The Global Gender Gap Report 2012
Ricardo Hausmann, Harvard University Laura D. Tyson, University of California, Berkeley Saadia Zahidi, World Economic Forum

Insight Report

The Global Gender Gap Report 2012

Ricardo Hausmann, Harvard University Laura D. Tyson, University of California, Berkeley Saadia Zahidi, World Economic Forum

The Global Gender Gap Report 2012is published by the World Economic Forum. The Global Gender Gap Index 2012 is the result of collaboration with faculty at Harvard University and the University of California, Berkeley.

AT THE WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM

World Economic Forum 91-93 route de la Capite CH-1223 Cologny/Geneva Switzerland Tel.: +41 (0)22 869 1212 Fax: +41 (0)22 786 2744 E-mail: contact@weforum.org www.weforum.org © 2012World Economic Forum All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system. ISBN 92-95044-78-9 ISBN 978-92-95044-78-4

Professor Klaus Schwab Founder and Executive Chairman Börge Brende Managing Director Saadia Zahidi Senior Director, Gender Parity andHuman Capital Silvia Magnoni Senior Community Manager, Women Leaders and Gender Parity Programme Yasmina Bekhouche Project Manager, Women Leaders and Gender Parity Programme Annabel Guinault Team Coordinator, Constituents

AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY

Professor Ricardo Hausmann Director, Center for International Development

AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

Professor Laura D. TysonS.K. and Angela Chan Professor of Global Management, Haas School of Business

Thank you to Michael Fisher for his superb copyediting work and Neil Weinberg for his excellent interior graphic design and layout. We are very grateful to Kamal Kamaoui and the World Economic Forum’s Publications team for their invaluable collaboration on the production of this report. The terms country and nation asused in this report do not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice. The term covers well-defined, geographically self-contained economic areas that may not be states but for which statistical data are maintained on a separate and independent basis.

Contents

Preface
by Klaus Schwab and Saadia Zahidi, World Economic Forum

vPART 1: MEASURING THE GLOBAL GAP

1

The Global Gender Gap Index 2012
By Ricardo Hausmann, Harvard University Laura D. Tyson, University of California, Berkeley Yasmina Bekhouche, World Economic Forum Saadia Zahidi, World Economic Forum

3

Appendix A: Tracking the Gender Gap over Time Appendix B: Regional and Income Group Classifications, 2012 Appendix C: Spread of Minimum and MaximumValues by Indicator, 2012 Appendix D: Rankings by Indicator, 2012 Appendix D: Rankings by Indicator, 2012

37 41 43 44 58

PART 2: COUNTRY PROFILES

83

List of Countries User’s Guide: How Country Profiles Work
by Yasmina Bekhouche and Saadia Zahidi, World Economic Forum

85 87

Country Profiles

92

About the Authors and Project Team Acknowledgements

363 367

The GlobalGender Gap Report 2012 | iii

Preface
KLAUS SCHWAB

Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum

The key for the future of any country and any institution is the capability to develop, retain and attract the best talent. Women make up one half of the world’s human capital. Empowering and educating girls and women and leveraging their talent and leadership fully in the global economy, politicsand society are thus fundamental elements of succeeding and prospering in an ever more competitive world. In particular, with talent shortages projected to become more severe in much of the developed and developing world, maximizing access to female talent is a strategic imperative for business. The World Economic Forum has been among the institutions at the forefront of engaging leaders to close...