Guia De Ingles

F U T U R E
English IV


1.− Usamos el futuro simple cuando decidimos algo en el momento de hablar.
I've left the door open. I'll go and shut it.

2. Cuando predecimos acontecimiento o situaciones futuras (pero no tenemos pistas en el presente)
It will rain (because it is cloudy)
3. Eventos que ocurrirán con seguridad.
I will do an exam on November 18th. 

 Se forma: con el auxiliarWILL y el verbo principal en infinitivo.

FUTURO CON GOING TO
1.− Usamos going to para futuro cuando planeamos hacer algo.
I'm going to have an early night.

2.− Usamos también going to para hablar de algo que tenemos la certeza de que va a ocurrir en el futuro porque tenemos pruebas de que va a ocurrir.
The man can't see where he is going. There is a hole in front of him. He is going tofall into the hole.
 
Se forma con el verbo TO BE más going to, más el verbo principal en infinitivo.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
El presente continuo se puede utilizar también para referirse al futuro. Describe una acción que va a tener lugar en un futuro más o menos inmediato, la cual fue planeada con anterioridad.
Next Monday, I am flying to Paris.  

TEMARIO

* Will – going to – presentcontinuous. (future idea).
* Conditionals: 0, 1 and 2.
* Modals: Might – may – could.
* Present Perfect
* Past Simple
* Present Perfect Continuous
* Past Perfect
* Conditional 3
* Passive voice : present, past, continuous
* Reported Speech
* Reported Questions
* Reported Orders
* Question Tags

CONDITIONALS: 0, 1, and 2.

1. ZeroConditional: Para describir rutinas o hechos generales

Example
If I leave the house at 8am, I catch the bus at 8.15am 
(this always happens = zero condition)
If + Present simple or continuous + subject + present simple

2. First Conditional: Para describir situaciones probables y resultados posibles

Examples
If I see Peter, I´ll give him your message.
If it´s raining when I leave the officetonight, I´ll get a taxi home.
If + present simple or present continuous + subject + will + infinitive 

3. Second Conditional: Para describir situaciones imaginarias o muy poco probables y el resultado.

Examples
If I won the lottery, I would (or I´d) leave my job and travel around the world. (unlikely)
If I were you, I´d apply for a new job. (imaginary)
If + past simple + subject + would +infinitive

Modals: might – may - could
Utilizamos tanto can y could como may y might para peticiones.
May, might son bastante formales,
could lo es algo menos.

Grados de formalidad.
- Can/will you help me with my French homework? (informal)
- Could/would you help me with this exercise? (more polite)
- May I have a pen and some paper, please? (formal)
- May I come in? (formal)- Might I have one of those leaflets? (bastante formal)

ASKING PERMISSION (pidiendo permiso)
Usamos can, could, may o might para pedir permiso para poder hacer algo.
- Can I go swimming? (informal)
- Could I ask you another question? (more polite)
- May/might I have a look at this report? (formal)

GIVING/REFUSING PERMISSION (dando o negando permiso)
Usamos may y can, pero nomight o could para dar permiso. May es muy formal.
- You can’t see Kim tonight, but you can see her tomorrow if you like.
- You can leave your luggage here (informal)
- You may not leave your luggage here. (formal)

OFFERS (ofrecimientos)
Para ofrecimientos utilizamos generalmente can y could (could es más fomal que can).
- Can/could I get you anything from the store?
- Shall I helpyou cross the road?

SUGGESTIONS (sugerencias)
- Speaker A: What shall we do tonight?
- Speaker B: We can/could go to the movies.
- We can/could go out for a meal later.

ABITLITY (capacidad)
Usamos can y could para expresar que alguien puede hacer algo en el presente y/o en el futuro.
- After months of lessons, she can finally drive!
También usamos could para expresar que...