History

THE THIRTEEN COLONIES

A COLONY is a territory ruled by another nation, usually one far away.

1. The thirteen colonies were colonies of what country? ________________
2. Which colony was farthest north? _______________________________
3. Which colony was farthest south? ____________________________
4. The colonies were bounded by the Appalachian Mountains on the west. Which ocean borderedthe colonies in the east? ______________________
5. The oldest colony was Virginia (founded in 1607). Which colony was just south of Virginia? ______________________________
6. The colony of Virginia contained what are now the states of Virginia and West Virginia. What colony bordered Virginia to the northeast? ___________________
7. The colony of Massachusetts was composed of what are now thestates of Massachusetts and Maine. What colony was between the two parts of Massachusetts? ______________________________
8. What colony was located east of Connecticut? ___________________________
9. The colony of New York contained what are now the states of Vermont and New York. What two colonies bordered the colony of New York on the south? _______________ and ________________
10. In whatyear did the 13 colonies declare their independence from Britain? _______________
French and Indian War (1754-1763)

The French and Indian War was a seven-year war between England and the American colonies, against the French and some of the Indians in North America. When the war ended, France was no longer in control of Canada. The Indians that had been threatening the American colonists weredefeated. This war had become a world war. Great Britain spent a great deal of money fighting the war and colonists fully participated in this war. Both these facts were to have a profound effect on the future of the colonies.
The French and Indian War was a continuation of a series of wars that had taken place between the French and British in North America. The French controlled the MississippiRiver and claimed the Ohio River Valley as well. They began building forts in the area. The British started to build their own forts.
The French expanded into areas that the British had claimed. In 1754, Major George Washington was sent by Virginia's governor to evict the French from Fort Duquesne. Washington came upon a French scouting party and ordered his men to open fire. Washington's menkilled 12 Frenchmen and wounded 22. The war was on.
During the first two years of the war the French and their Indian allies defeated the British numerous times. The period began poorly for the British and their colonial soldiers, when a British force led by British General Braddock tried to capture Fort Duquesne. A smaller French and Indian force succeeded in defeating the British force andGeneral Braddock was defeated.
The tide of the war changed in 1756 when William Pitt became the British Secretary of State. The British applied more resources into the battle in North America and slowly began to capture French forts. In 1759, the British won the Battle of The Plains of Abraham, which allowed them to occupy Quebec. The next year they captured Montreal, and thus completed the capture ofCanada, effectively ending the war in North America.
The War officially came to an end on February 10, in 1763, with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. France officially ceded all of its holdings in North America, west of the Mississippi; while regaining the Islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique. The most long lasting effect of the war was not negotiated between the parties? Rather, it was theeffect the war had on the American colonies.
The cost of the war and of controlling the newly acquired territories was high. The British looked to the colonies to help pay those costs. But with the defeat of the French, the colonies became less dependent on Britain for protection. That began the long spiral of events that led to the Revolution.

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

The American War of...