Inteligencia Artificial

Inteligencia en Redes de Comunicaciones

Tema 1 Brief History of Artificial Intelligence

Julio Villena Román, Raquel M. Crespo García, José Jesús García Rueda {jvillena, rcrespo, rueda}@it.uc3m.es

Fuente: Leyenda:

http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/bbhist.html Sociedad Ciencia Ingeniería

Brief History of Artificial Intelligence
(a subtopic of History)

A chronology of significantevents in the History of AI initially prepared for use in Introduction to AI classes by Bruce G. Buchanan University Professor Emeritus University of Pittsburgh
and subsequently annotated by AI TOPICS Bruce Buchanan and John McCarthy at the AI TOPICS booth at AAAI-02 in Edmonton, Canada (August 2002)

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Introduction Ancient History 20th century - First Half Modern History Current EventsINTRODUCTION
The intellectual roots of AI, and the concept of intelligent machines, may be found in Greek mythology. Intelligent artifacts appear in literature since then, with real (and fraudulent) mechanical devices actually demonstrated to behave with some degree of intelligence. Some of these conceptual achievements are listed below under "Ancient History." After modern computers becameavailable, following World War II, it has become possible to create programs that perform difficult intellectual tasks. From these programs, general tools are constructed which have applications in a wide variety of everday problems. Some of these computational milestones are listed below under "Modern History."

Ancient History
Greek myths of Hephaestus and Pygmalion incorporate the idea ofintelligent robots. Many other myths in antiquity involve human-like artifacts. Many mechanical toys and models were actually constructed, e.g., by Hero, Daedalus and other real persons.

5th century B.C.
Aristotle invented syllogistic logic, the first formal deductive reasoning system.
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Logic 1. Categories (10 classifications of terms) 2. On Interpretation (propositions,truth, modality) 3. Prior Analytics (syllogistic logic) 4. Posterior Analytics (scientific method and syllogism) 5. Topics (rules for effective arguments and debate) 6. On Sophistical Refutations (informal fallacies) Physical works 1. Physics (explains change, motion, void, time) 2. On the Heavens (structure of heaven, earth, elements) 3. On Generation (through combining material constituents) 4.Meteorologics (origin of comets, weather, disasters) Psychological works 1. On the Soul (explains faculties, senses, mind, imagination) 2. On Memory, Reminiscence, Dreams, and Prophesying Works on natural history 1. History of Animals (physical/mental qualities, habits) 2. On the parts of Animals 3. On the Movement of Animals 4. On the Progression of Animals 5. On the Generation of Animals 6.Minor treatises 7. Problems Philosophical works 1. Metaphysics (substance, cause, form, potentiality) 2. Nicomachean Ethics (soul, happiness, virtue, friendship) 3. Eudemain Ethics 4. Magna Moralia 5. Politics (best states, utopias, constitutions, revolutions) 6. Rhetoric (elements of forensic and political debate) 7. Poetics (tragedy, epic poetry)

13th century
Talking heads were said to havebeen created, Roger Bacon and Albert the Great reputedly among the owners. (physiological / computational / cognitive models of audio-visual speech)

“That fakes were appearing in Europe in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries is shown by Miguel de Cervantes's description of a head that spoke to Don Quixote -- with the help of a tube that led to the floor below. Like Albert theGreat, this fictitious inventor also feared the judgement of religious authorities, though in his case he took it upon himslef to destroy the heresy.” [David Lindsay, "Talking Head", Invention & Technology, Summer 1997, 57-63.]

Ramon Llull, Spanish theologian, invented machines for discovering nonmathematical truths through combinatories. “Many of the fundamental ideas in artificial intelligence...