Jurisdiction American Law

Jurisdiction
Article III of the United States Constitution created an independent judiciary, one of the three separate and distinct branches of the federal government. The other two are the legislative and executive branches. The judicial system in the United States is actually made up of two different court systems: the federal court system and the state court systems. Each of these two systemshas its own respective jurisdictions. Where the Constitution gives Congress sole authority to make certain laws, a state court would lack jurisdiction in those matters. Likewise, where the Constitution does not give the federal government authority in a particular matter, a federal court would lack jurisdiction. This quiz tests your knowledge of the language of the US court system.
JurisdiccionArtículo III de la Constitución de los Estados Unidos creó un poder judicial independiente, una de las tres ramas separadas y distintas del gobierno federal. Los otros dos son los poderes legislativo y ejecutivo. El sistema judicial de los Estados Unidos se compone realmente de dos sistemas judiciales diferentes: el sistema judicial federal y de los sistemas judiciales estatales. Cada uno deestos sistemas tiene sus propias respectivas jurisdicciones. Cuando la Constitución le da al Congreso la autoridad exclusiva para tomar ciertas leyes, un tribunal estatal carecería de competencia en estas materias. Del mismo modo, cuando la Constitución no reconocen la autoridad del gobierno federal en un asunto en particular, un tribunal federal carecería de jurisdicción.

The term “jurisdiction”is similar in meaning to the word “power”. It is used in three main ways:
1. To refer to the power of a court, or other official body to decide a legal case;
2. To describe the territorial limits within which this power may be exercised; and
3. To describe the area in which a law-making body has the power to pass laws.
El término "jurisdicción" es similar en significado a la palabra "poder".Se utiliza en tres formas principales:
1. Para hacer referencia a la facultad de un tribunal u organismo oficial para decidir un caso legal;
2. Describir los límites territoriales en los que se puede ejercer este poder, y
3. Para describir el área en la que un cuerpo legislativo tiene la facultad de aprobar leyes.

Quiz
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1. If a court has_____________ jurisdiction then it has the power to hear a particular case.
Clear
Diversity
Proper
If a court has Proper jurisdiction then it has the power to hear a particular case

Jurisdiction Explanation
Jurisdiction generally describes any authority over a certain area or certain persons. In the law, jurisdiction sometimes refers to a particular geographic area containing a definedlegal authority. For example, the federal government is a jurisdiction unto itself. Its power spans the entire United States. Each state is also a jurisdiction unto itself, with the power to pass its own laws. Smaller geographic areas, such as counties and cities, are separate jurisdictions to the extent that they have powers that are independent of the federal and state governments.
CourtClassification
Jurisdiction also may refer to the origin of a court's authority. A court may be designated either as a court of general jurisdiction or as a court of special jurisdiction. A court of general jurisdiction is a trial court that is empowered to hear all cases that are not specifically reserved for courts of special jurisdiction. A court of special jurisdiction is empowered to hear onlycertain kinds of cases.
Courts of general jurisdiction are often called District Courts or Superior Courts. In New York State, however, the court of general jurisdiction is called the Supreme Court of New York. In most jurisdictions, other trial courts of special jurisdiction exist apart from the courts of general jurisdiction; some examples are probate, tax, traffic, juvenile, and, in some...