L1 And L2 Language

The teaching and learning of other modern languages are discussed when appropriate. The first language is the first language that a child learns. The second language is acquired by a person inaddition to his mother tongue. A native speaker is a person who still speaks the language they learnt in childhood, often seen as monolingual.
One of the keynotes of the nineteenth-century revolution inteaching was the emphasis on the spoken language. The teaching methods within which speech was most dominant were the audio-lingual and audio-visual methods, which insisted on presenting spokenlanguage from tape before the students encountered the written form. Communication in the communicative method is usually through speech rather than writing. The importance of the speech has been reinforcedby many linguistics who claim that speech is the primary form of language, and that writing depends on speech.
One argument for avoiding the first language is that children learning their firstlanguage do not have a second language available, which is irrelevant in itself. Another argument is that students should keep the two languages separate in their minds rather than linking them; thisadopts a compartmentalized view of the language in the same mind. Nevertheless, many English classes justifiably avoid the first language for practical reasons, whether because of the mixed languages ofthe students or because of the teacher’s ignorance of the students’ first language.
Grammar could be practiced through drills or incorporated within communicative exercises. While grammar rules couldbe demonstrated though substitution tables or situational cues, actual rules should not be mentioned.
Contrastive analysis, this research method compared the descriptions of two languages in grammaror pronunciation to discover the differences between them.
Error analysis, this method studied the language produced by L2 learners to establish its peculiarities, which it tried to explain in...