Mechanical engineers pocket

Newnes Mechanical Engineer’s Pocket Book

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Newnes Mechanical Engineer’s Pocket Book
Third edition

Roger L. Timings

AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Newnes is an imprint of Elsevier

Newnes An imprint of Elsevier Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP30 Corporate Drive, Burlington, MA 01803 First published 1990 Reprinted 1992, 1993, 1995 (twice) Second edition 1997 Reprinted 2001 Reprinted 2002 Third edition 2006 Copyright © 1990, Roger Timings and Tony May. All rights reserved Copyright © 1997, 2006 Roger Timings. All rights reserved The right of Roger Timings to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with theCopyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: ( 44) 1865843830, fax: ( 44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.co.uk. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting ‘Customer Support’ and then ‘Obtaining Permissions’ British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Acatalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN-13: 978-0-7506-6508-7 ISBN-10: 0-7506-6508-4 For information on all Newnes publications visit our website at http://books.elsevier.com Typeset by Charon Tec Pvt. Ltd, Chennai, India Printed and bound in Great Britain

Contents
Foreword Preface Acknowledgements 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.3.5 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.21.5 1.6 1.6.1 1.6.2 1.7 1.8 1.8.1 1.8.2 1.8.3 1.9 1.9.1 1.9.2 1.9.3 1.9.4 1.9.5 1.10 1.10.1 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.13.1 1.13.2 Engineering Mathematics The Greek alphabet Mathematical symbols Units: SI Basic and supplementary units Derived units Units: not SI Notes on writing symbols Decimal multiples of units Conversion factors for units FPS to SI units SI to FPS units Preferred numbers MensurationPlane figures Solid objects Powers, roots and reciprocals Progressions Arithmetic progressions Geometric progressions Harmonic progressions Trigonometric formulae Basic definitions Identities Compound and double angle formulae ‘Product and sum’ formulae Triangle formulae Circles: some definitions and properties Circles: areas and circumferences Quadratic equations Natural logarithms Statistics: anintroduction Basic concepts Probability xix xxi xxvii 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 9 13 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 20 21 21 21 21 22

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Contents

1.13.3 1.13.4 1.13.5 1.14 1.15 1.15.1 1.15.2 1.16 1.17 1.18 2 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6 2.2.7 2.2.8 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.3.5 2.3.6 2.3.7 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.5 2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.6 2.6.1 2.6.2 2.6.3Binomial distribution Poisson distribution Normal distribution Differential calculus (Derivatives) Integral calculus (Standard forms) Integration by parts Definite integrals Binomial theorem Maclaurin’s theorem Taylor’s theorem Engineering Statics Engineering statics Mass, force and weight Mass Force Vectors Weight Mass per unit volume (density) Weight per unit volume Relative density Pressure...