Nada

 What is already known?
 What concepts and theories are relevant?
 What research methods and strategies are used?
 Are there any inconsistencies in findings?
 Are there methodological reasons for inconsistencies and what are the general issues with methods?
Research with children/ of children/ by children limited by the same power relations, but have proved possible and successful
Are there any unanswered questions?
 Introduce the topic
 What are you looking at?
 Why are you looking at it? i.e. why is it important?
 State what will be covered in the literature review
 Describe key thematical areas you will be discussing
 In the order you will be addressing them
 Don’t just state what the literature review will ‘do’, tell the reader what it will say
 Stateyour conclusion
 Which in this case will be your suggestion for future research
 Key arguments/conclusions/results
 What are the main points of the sources?
 Many of you are simply listing what is covered in the sources, rather than giving detail of the actual arguments that are being made.
 Rather than state that ‘A and B’ are discussed, tell the reader what is actually said about ‘A andB’ – this should hopefully become easier when you break the literature into themes.
 Methodology
 What methods are being used in the literature?
 Make sure you identify who is using them as well.
 Don’t forget to include sampling details where relevant too – who commonly feature as participants in the research?
3. Critique
 What are the methodological issues within the literature?
▪Remember this should be specific to your topic, NOT just generic statements about the pros and cons of any particular method.
▪ Why is it important for your social topic that we attempt to get an accurate rate of incidence? What are the difficulties with this? Or why for your topic is it important we gain insight into the opinions of policy makers? Why are surveys unlikely to reveal enoughinformation about your social topic – what isn’t coming out through the survey method?
▪ Who is missing from the research? Are there any voices that do not get heard?
▪ This will help in your suggestions for future research – what social groups are missing, if any, and should perhaps be focused on in further study?
▪ What improvements would a different sampling frame/strategy bring, if any?
▪ Often,researchers will be able to identify a correlation between variables, but not a causal inference – if firm correlations have already been established how might research designs be improved to identify any causal relationships?
▪ DO NOT ask the world of authors, there is only so much a single piece of research can do
▪ Have they achieved what they set out to do? Have they answered their researchquestion(s), if not then why not?
4. Summarise key points and arguments
 What does the literature say?
 What doesn’t the literature say?
 What are the key methods used in the literature?
 What are the key methodological issues?
 Make your suggestion for future research
 This should tie in with what you have written in the main body of the review.
 Include both the specific areathat requires research and also potential methods.
 The methods should make sense given what has been identified as working well or indeed not working well in the main part of the literature review.
 BUT also what is feasible for you to do as a third year, undergraduate.
 Equally the topic area should reflect the gaps in the literature you have identified or areas that require furtherinvestigation.

Invernizzi and Williams:
How constrained young people are within their existing structures and settings?
What are the barriers to effective participation for children?
Is participation effective in bringing about change?
How these constraints may affect willingness or capacity to participate? – no sign of change -> negative message about the limits of participatory democracy
How...