Power systems

Laboratorio INEL 3115
Tools and Toys Lab.

Power Systems:

Introduction:

The electricity that we use to tur in our house to to basic stuff is transmitted through high voltaje power networks that transforms kinetic energy into electric energy. This process requires the use of huge gears called turbines wich rotate on an axis powered by an external source.Generators are machines thattransforms kinetic energy into electric energy, the energy from the movement of the turbines the generator transforms it into electric energy.

What is hydroelectric energy?..

This type of energy uses the velocity and foece of the wáter currents to move the turbines.There are two types off hidroelectric power stations, uninterrupted flow power stations are near rivers and oceans, they use theforce of the currents to their advantage.As for interrupted flow they created artificial currents out of water reserved in dams to release it with greater force.

Thermoelectric Power Stations:

This type of power stations use heat to produce energy.They heat wáter or gas which released under preassure will move the turbines and drive the generators.They use different substances to produceenergy: carbon, petroleum,natural gas, solar energy, geothermic energy,nuclear energy and biomass.

Transformers:

The electric energy that we use at our homes and reaches insdustries has to be transmitted from the power stations to the location, which requires the use of a transformer. A transformer consists in two coils around an iron core, magnetically coupled. A transformer changes thegenerated elecctricity’s voltaje and current to values that are safe and more efficient for trandmission, to distribute or to consume.

Basic transformer design.

Different types of transformers:

The type of transformer used depends on the application or configuration.

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Motors and generators:

This group of machines are used to convert mechanical energy into electric energy. Themachine that converts mechanical energy into electric energy is called a generator. If your generator produces Alternate current AC, then it is called a alternator, if it produces DC current its called a dynamo. The motor is the opposite thing, it converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Alternator

Dynamo

Power inverter:

This is acircuit known as a electric power inverter, which is designed to change DC signals into AC.

Procedure:

1.With the ohmeter verify all coil connections (1-4, 5-6, 7-8); meassure the resistance in the coils

R1-4= 380.2 KOHM R5-8= 2.769 OHM

R7-8=3.413 OHM

2. Connect the generator to terminals 1-4 of the transformer and the osciloscopeto terminals 7-8 .

3. configure the generator to generate a sinusoidal signal of V and 5KHz

4. Observe if the signal in the output of the transformer preserves the shape .Repeat same process with square and triangle signals . Draw on table.

|Type of signal | Shape of input signal | Shape of output signal |Amplitude |Frequency|
| | | | | |
|sinusoidal | | |334mv |5.00KHz |
| | || | |
|Triangular | | |431mv |5.00KHz |
| | | | | |
|Rectangular | |...