Psicologia

21st Century
PSYCHOLOGY
A Reference Handbook

2
Edited by

Stephen F. Davis
William Buskist
Texas Wesleyan University

Auburn University

21st Century
PSYCHOLOGY
A Reference Handbook

1
Edited by

Stephen F. Davis
William Buskist
Texas Wesleyan University

Auburn University

Copyright © 2008 by Sage Publications, Inc.
all rights reserved. No part of this book may bereproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
21st century psychology : a reference handbook / editors,Stephen F. Davis, William Buskist.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4129-4968-2 (cloth : alk. paper)
1. Psychology—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Davis, Stephen F. II.
Buskist, William. III. Title: Twenty first century psychology.
BF131.a15 2008
150—dc22
2007031738
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
07 08 09 10 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Developmental Editor:
Reference Systems Manager:
Production Editor:
Cover Designer:
Marketing Manager:

Rolf a. Janke
Jim Brace-Thompson
Sara Tauber
Leticia gutierrez
Belinda Thresher, appingo
Michelle Kenny
amberlyn erzinger

Contents
Volume one

Preface
About the Editors
About the Contributors

xiii
xv
xvi

PART I. HIsToRy of PsyCHology
1. PsychologyBefore 1900
Ludy T. Benjamin, Jr., Texas A&M University

2

2. Psychology in the 20th Century
C. James Goodwin, Western Carolina University

12

3. Psychology Into the 21st Century
Jay C. Brown, Texas Wesleyan University

21

4. Women and Minorities in Psychology
Alexandra Rutherford, York University
Wade Pickren, Ryerson University

25

5. Conducting Research on the Historyof Psychology
David B. Baker, University of Akron
Ludy T. Benjamin, Jr., Texas A&M University

37

PART II. BAsIC REsEARCH METHodology And AnAlyTIC TECHnIquEs
6. Statistical Techniques and analysis
Chris Spatz, Hendrix College

46

7. Validity
Kenneth Barron, with Allison R. Brown, Theresa E. Egan, Christopher R. Gesualdi,
and Kimberly A. Marchuk, James Madison University

558. Nonexperimental Research Methods
Stephen F. Davis, Texas Wesleyan University

65

9. experimental Designs
Randolph A. Smith, Lamar University

71

10. Single-Subject Designs
Bryan K. Saville, James Madison University

80

11. Qualitative Research
Jennifer Featherston, University of Arkansas
12. ethics of Psychological Research
Elizabeth V. Swenson, John Carroll University93
103

PART III. nEuRosCIEnCE



13. Biological Psychology
Lewis Barker, Auburn University

114

14. Neurotransmission
Sharon Pearcey, Kennesaw State University

125

15. Traditional Neuroscience Research Methods
James Kalat, North Carolina State University

132

16. Imaging Techniques for the Localization of Brain Function
Brenda Anderson, Stony Brook University

13917. Drugs and Behavior
Cathy A. Grover, Emporia State University

150

18. Behavioral Pharmacology
Wendy Donlin, University of North Carolina, Wilmington
Erin Rasmussen, Idaho State University

161

PART IV. sEnsoRy PRoCEssEs And PERCEPTIon
19. Sensation
Christopher Koch, George Fox University

172

20. Psychophysics
John H. Krantz, Hanover College

177

21. States of...