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Leif Eriksson
This is an Icelandic name. The last name is a patronymic, not a family name; this person is properly referred to by the given name Leif, Leifr or Leifur.
Leif Ericson[3] ( /ˈleɪf/ LAYF or /ˈliːf/ LEEF; Old Norse: Leifr Eiríksson; Icelandic: Leifur Eiríksson; Norwegian: Leiv Eiriksson c. 970 – c. 1020) was a Norse[4] explorer regarded as the first European to land in North America(excluding Greenland), nearly 500 years before Christopher Columbus.[5] According to the Sagas of Icelanders, he established a Norse settlement at Vinland, tentatively identified with the Norse L'Anse aux Meadows on the northern tip of Newfoundland in modern-day Canada.
It is believed that Leif was born around the 970s—the son of mother Thjodhild and father Erik the Red, an explorer and outlawfrom Western Norway.[6] Erik founded the first Norse colonies in Greenland, and was based at the family estate Brattahlíð in the so-called Eastern Settlement, where Leif had his upbringing. Leif had two known sons: Thorgils, born to noblewoman Thorgunna in the Hebrides; and Thorkell, who succeeded Leif as chieftain of the Greenland settlement.
Early life
Leif was the son of Erik the Red and hiswife Thjodhild, and the grandson of Thorvald Asvaldsson. His year of birth is most often given as c. 970 or c. 980.[7] Though Leif's birthplace is not accounted for in the sagas,[8] it is likely he was born in Iceland,[4] where his parents met[7]—probably somewhere in Breiðafjörður, and possibly at the farm Haukadal where Thjodhild's family is said to have been based.[4] Leif had two brothers,Thorstein and Thorvald, and a sister, Freydís.[9]
Thorvald Asvaldsson was banished from Norway for manslaughter and went into exile in Iceland accompanied by young Erik. When Erik was himself banished from Iceland, he traveled further west to an area he named Greenland, where he established the first permanent settlement in 986.[8][10] Tyrker, one of Erik's thralls, had been specially trusted to keepin charge of Erik's children, as Leif later referred to him as his "foster father"
Leif and his crew travelled from Greenland to Norway in 999. Blown off course to the Hebrides and staying for much of the summer, he arrived in Norway and became a hirdman of King Olaf Tryggvason. Leif also converted to Christianity, and was given the mission of introducing the religion to Greenland.[8][12] TheSaga of Erik the Red and the Saga of the Greenlanders, both thought to have been written around 1200,[13] contain different accounts of the voyages to Vinland.[14][15] The two only known strictly historical mentions of Vinland are found in the work of Adam of Bremen c. 1075 and in the Book of Icelanders compiled c. 1122 by Ari the Wise.[16] According to the Saga of Erik the Red, Leif apparently sawVinland for the first time after being blown off course on his way to introduce Christianity to Greenland.[12]

According to the Saga of the Greenlanders, Leif had heard the story of merchant Bjarni Herjólfsson who claimed to have sighted land to the west of Greenland after having been blown off course. Leif approached Bjarni, purchased his ship, gathered a crew of thirty-five men, and mounted anexpedition towards the land Bjarni had described.[17] Leif's father Erik was set to join him, but dropped out after he fell from his horse on his way to set sail, an incident he interpreted as a bad omen.[18] Leif followed Bjarni's route in reverse, and landed first in a rocky and desolate place he named Helluland (Flat-Rock Land; possibly Baffin Island). After venturing further by sea, he landedthe second time in a forested place he named Markland (Forest Land; possibly Labrador). Finally, after two more days at sea, he landed in a place Leif named Vinland (Wineland). There, Leif and his crew built a small settlement which was called Leifsbúdir (Leif's Booths) by later visitors from Greenland. After having wintered over in Vinland, Leif returned to Greenland in the spring with a cargo...