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José de San Martín
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"General San Martin" redirects here. For The Hamburg Süd ocean liner, see SS General San Martin.
General Don
José de San Martín

1st President of Peru
In office
28 July 1821 – 20 September 1822
Succeeded by Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro
Founder of the Freedom of Peru, Founder of the Republic, Protector of Peru andGeneralissimo of Armas
(ad honorem)
In office
20 September 1822 – 17 August 1850 (death)
Captain General of the Army of Chile
(ad honorem)
In office
21 May 1820 – 17 August 1850 (death)
Commander-in-Chief of the Liberation Army of Peru
In office
19 May 1820 – 22 September 1822
3rd Commander-in-Chief of the Army of Chile
In office
14 February 1817 – 20 July 1820
Preceded by José Miguel CarreraSucceeded by Bernardo O’Higgins
Governor of Cuyo
In office
10 August 1814 – 24 September 1816
Preceded by Marcos Balcarce
Succeeded by Toribio de Luzuriaga
Personal details
Born 25 February 1778
Yapeyú, Corrientes, Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (Now Argentina)
Died 17 August 1850 (aged 72)
Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
Nationality Argentina
Spouse(s) María de los Remedios deEscalada y la Quintana
Children María de las Mercedes Tomasa de San Martín y Escalada
Profession Military
Religion Roman Catholic
Signature
Military service
Allegiance Spain (until 1812)
Flag of Argentina (alternative).svg United Provinces of South America
Chile
Flag of Peru (1821 - 1822).svg Peru
Years of service 1789-1822
Commands Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers, Army of theNorth, Army of the Andes, Chilean Army
Battles/wars Spanish American wars of independence

José Francisco de San Martín, known simply as Don José de San Martín (c. 1778 – 17 August 1850), was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South America's successful struggle for independence from Spain.

Born in Yapeyú, Corrientes in Argentina, he left his mother country atthe early age of seven and studied in Málaga, Spain.

In 1808, after joining Spanish forces in the Peninsular War against the French, and after participating in several battles such as the Battle of Bailén, San Martín started making contact with South American supporters of independence from Spain.

In 1812, he set sail for Buenos Aires from England, and offered his services to the UnitedProvinces of South America (present-day Argentina). After the Battle of San Lorenzo of 1813, and some time on command of the Army of the North during 1814, he started to put into action his plan to defeat the Spanish forces that menaced the United Provinces from Upper Perú, making use of an alternative path to the Viceroyalty of Perú. This objective first involved the creation of a new army, the Armyof the Andes, in the Province of Cuyo, Argentina. From there, he led the Crossing of the Andes to Chile, and prevailed over the Spanish forces at the Battle of Chacabuco and the Battle of Maipú (1818), thus liberating Chile from Royalist rule. Then he set sail to attack the Spanish stronghold of Lima, Perú, by sea.

On 12 July 1821, after seizing partial control of Lima, San Martín was appointedProtector of Perú, and Peruvian independence was officially declared on 28 July 1821. A year later, after a closed-door meeting with fellow libertador Simón Bolívar at Guayaquil, Ecuador, on 22 July 1822, Bolívar took over the task of fully liberating Peru. San Martín unexpectedly left the country and resigned the command of his army, excluding himself from politics and the military, and moved toFrance in 1824. The details of the 22 July meeting would be a subject of debate by later historians.

Together with Simón Bolívar, San Martín is regarded as one of the Liberators of Spanish South America. He is the national hero of Argentina. The Order of the Liberator General San Martin (Spanish: Orden del Libertador San Martín) in his honor is the highest decoration in Argentina.
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