Sistema De Informacion

Chapter 1 An Introduction to Information Systems in Organizations

Principles
1. The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization’s goals. 2. Knowing the potential impact of information systems and having the ability to put this knowledge to work can result in a successful personal career, organizations that reach their goals, and a societywith a higher quality of life. 3. System users, business managers, and information systems professionals must work together to build a successful information system. 4. The use of information systems to add value to the organization is strongly influenced by organizational structure, and the organization’s attitude and ability to change. 5. Cooperation between business managers and IS personnel isthe key to unlocking the potential of any new or modified system.

Defining an Information System 1
What is a system? A system is a set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals. Systems have inputs, processing mechanisms, outputs, and feedback A system processes the input to create the output Examples of systems are everywhere – an automatic car wash, the heating in abuilding, the human body; you should be able to think of many more
Feedback

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Input

Processing

Output

Defining an Information System 2

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What is information? Information is a collection of facts It can take many forms – text, numbers, images, audio clips and video clips are all examples A closely related term is data These two terms can be used interchangeablyDistinctions between Data, information, knowledge and wisdom
Level Data Information Knowledge Definition Raw facts Meaningful, useful data Clear understanding of information Learning Process Accumulating truths Giving form and functionality Analysis and synthesis Outcome Memorization (data bank) Comprehension (information bank) Understanding (knowledge bank) Better living/success (wisdom bank)Wisdom

Using knowledge to Discerning establish and judgments and achieve goals taking appropriate action

Bierly III, Kessler and Christensen (2000)

Data, information, knowledge and wisdom framework
Use Knowledge to Establish and Achieve Goals Analyze and Synthesize Derived Information Give Meaning to Obtained Data

Wisdom

Knowledge

Information

Obtain Raw Facts

DataBierly III, Kessler and Christensen (2000)

Defining an Information System 3
• Therefore… an information system (IS) is a set of interrelated components that collect (input), manipulate & store (process), and disseminate (output) information, and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective In information systems, input is the activity of gathering and capturing data Processing meansconverting or transforming this input into useful outputs Output involves producing useful information, usually in the form of documents and reports Feedback is information from the system that is used to make changes to input or processing activities

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The Characteristics of Valuable Information
To be useful to managers, information should have some or possibly all of the followingcharacteristics:

Accessible Complete Flexible Reliable Simple Verifiable

Accurate Economical Relevant Secure Timely

Manual and Computerised Information Systems

• An information system can be manual, for example paper-based, or computerised • A computer-based information system (CBIS) is a single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that areconfigured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information

Hardware
• Hardware consists of computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities. • Input devices include keyboards, mice and other pointing devices, automatic scanning devices, and equipment that can read magnetic ink characters.

• Processing devices include computer chips that contain the...