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The historic Blue Marble photograph. Environmentalism is a concern for the planet as a whole.
Environmentalism is a broad philosophy, ideology and social movement regarding concerns for environmental conservation and improvement of the health of the environment, particularly as the measure forthis health seeks to incorporate the concerns of non-human elements. Environmentalism advocates the preservation, restoration and/or improvement of the natural environment, and may be referred to as a movement to control pollution. For this reason, concepts such as a Land Ethic,Environmental Ethics, Biodiversity, Ecology and theBiophilia hypothesis figure predominantly. At its crux,environmentalism is an attempt to balance relations between humanity and their broader organismic and biogeochemical milieu in such a way that all the components are accorded a proper degree of respect. The exact nature of this balance is controversial and there are many different ways for environmental concerns to be expressed in practice. Environmentalism and environmental concerns are often represented bythe color green, but this association has been appropriated by the marketing industries and is a key tactic in the art ofGreenwashing.
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Environmentalism as a social movement
Environmentalism denominates a social movement that seeks to influence the political process by lobbying, activism, and education in order to protect natural resourcesand ecosystems. Anenvironmentalist is a person who may speak out about our natural environment and the sustainable management of its resources through changes in public policy or individual behavior. This may include supporting practices such as informed consumption, conservation initiatives, investment inrenewable energy, improved efficiencies in the materials economy, transitioning to new accountingparadigms such as Ecological economics and renewing and revitalizing our connections with non-human life. In various ways (for example, grassroots activism and protests), environmentalists andenvironmental organizations seek to give the natural world a stronger voice in human affairs.
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History
Main article: Timeline of history of environmentalism
Aconcern for environmental protection has recurred in diverse forms, in different parts of the world, throughout history. For example, in Europe, King Edward I of England banned the burning of sea-coalby proclamation in London in 1272, after its smoke had become a problem. The fuel was so common in England that this earliest of names for it was acquired because it could be carted away from someshores by the wheelbarrow. Air pollution would continue to be a problem in England, especially later during the Industrial Revolution, and extending into the recent past with the Great Smog of 1952.
Origins of the modern environmental movement
In Europe, the Industrial Revolution gave rise to modern environmental pollution as it is generally understood today. The emergence of great factories andconsumption of immense quantities of coaland other fossil fuels gave rise to unprecedented air pollution and the large volume of industrialchemical discharges added to the growing load of untreated human waste. The first large-scale, modern environmental laws came in the form of the British Alkali Acts, passed in 1863, to regulate the deleterious air pollution (gaseous hydrochloric acid) given offby the Leblanc process, used to producesoda ash. Environmentalism grew out of the amenity movement, which was a reaction toindustrialization, the growth of cities, and worsening air and water pollution.
In Victorian Britain, an early "Back-to-Nature" movement that anticipated modern environmentalism was advocated by intellectuals such as John Ruskin, William Morris and Edward Carpenter, who...