Teoria d Cienci

Frederick Taylor, with his theories of Scientific Management, started the era of modern management, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; he was decrying the “awkward, inefficient, orill-directed movements of men" as a national loss. He advocated a change from the old system of personal management to a new system of scientific management. Under personal management, a captain ofindustry was expected to be personally brilliant. Taylor claimed that a group of ordinary men, following a scientific method would out perform the older "personally brilliant" captains of industry.1. The Principles of Scientific Management:
• Increasing specialisation and division of labour will make a process more efficient.

• Systematically analyze the relationship between the workerand task and redesign processes to ensure maximum efficiency e.g. use a bigger shovel so more grain can be lifted with each action.

• Have written procedures for each task and ensure they arefollowed by supervision and quality-control.

• Get maximum prosperity for employer and employee like by linking pay and other rewards directly to work output.

• Select workers with the right skill andabilities for the specific task and thoroughly train them to-follow-the-procedures

• Management and workers equally responsible for achievement of goals.

His influential theory enabled industryto move away from “rule of thumb” management and be more efficient and prosperous. Scientific management met with significant success. Taylor's personal work included papers on the science of cuttingmetal, coal shovel design, worker incentive schemes and a piece rate system for shop management. Scientific management's organizational influences can be seen in the development of the fields ofindustrial engineering, personnel, and quality control.
From an economic standpoint, Taylorism was an extreme success. Application of his methods yielded significant improvements in productivity....