The process of academic writing

The Process of Academic Writing

I. Creating (Prewriting)

I.A: Choosing and Narrowing a Topic
















I.B: Brainstorming

Journal Writing

Write down your thoughts, your daily experiences, a dream you had or quotations that are meaningful to you.

Listing

Make a list of whatever words or phrases come into your mind.Freewriting

Write freely about a topic, one idea will spark another idea.

Clustering

Write your topic in the center (core) of your paper and draw a “balloon” around it. Then write whatever ideas come to you in balloons around the core.

[pic]




II. Planning (Outlining)

The way you organize your ideas.

II.A: Making sublists1. Sublists













2. Rough Outline (rough draft)

















II.B: Writing the topic sentence

Dogs are the best friends of humans.



II.C: Outlining – Formal outline

- It is a formal plan for a paragraph.






















III. Writing

- It is a process that includeswriting the rough draft.

- Do not worry about grammar, punctuation, or spelling.

IV. Polishing

IV.A: Revising

- Check the rough draft for content and organization, including:

1. UNITY









2. COHERENCE




a. Repeat key nouns.

b. Use consistent pronouns.c. Use transition signals to link ideas.

d. Arrange your ideas in logical order.



IV.B: Editing (Proofreading)

-To correct grammar, sentence structure, punctuation, and spelling.































EXERCISE 1

I. Narrowing













II.Freewriting 1

Gianmarco Zignago is a Peruvian singer of romantic music with a great musical trajectory. He is a songwriter. By 2 years of age he sang for the first time in television. To the 11 years of age, participates next to his mother in the musical work Papito Long Legs. Years later, he would seek in various parts of the capital. He decided to showcase his art, appearing in Viña del Mar. Hisname began to be recognized very fast.

Freewriting 2

Gianmarco Zignago is a Peruvian singer of romantic music with a great musical trajectory. Also, he is a good songwriter and composer. Just by 2 years of age it sang for the first time in television in the city of Buenos Aires. A year later, sings in Caracas, Venezuela. To the 11 years of age, participates next to his mother inthe musical work Papito Long Legs. Years later, with guitar in hand, he would seek in various parts of the capital, among them La Estación in Barranco. He decided to showcase his art, appearing in Viña del Mar. His name began to be recognized since his personal style got the attention of those who heard him for the first time.


EXERCISE 2

I. Listing

Culture Shock

- Customs
-Lack confidence
- Different food
- Problems in school
- People’s attitude
- Need a car
- Lack of friends
- Lack of friends
- Different laws
- Communication problems










EXERCISE 3

I. Clustering 

















































II. Formal Outline

Gold

Gold, a precious metal, is prized for twoimportant characteristics.

A. Gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion.

1. suitable for jewelry, coin, and ornamental purposes

2. gold never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever

3. for example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was made 25 centuries ago

B. Gold is useful to industry and science....