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Advanced Reservoir Engineering

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Advanced Reservoir Engineering

Tarek Ahmed
Senior Staff Advisor Anadarko Petroleum Corporation

Paul D. McKinney
V.P. Reservoir Engineering Anadarko Canada Corporation

AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE •SYDNEY • TOKYO Gulf Professional Publishing is an imprint of Elsevier

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Gulf Professional Publishing is an imprint of Elsevier 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803, USA Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK Copyright © 2005, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by anymeans, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.com.uk. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage(http://elsevier.com), by selecting “Customer Support” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Elsevier prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible. Librar y of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Application submitted British Librar y Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.ISBN: 0-7506-7733-3 For information on all Gulf Professional Publishing publications visit our Web site at www.books.elsevier.com 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Printed in the United States of America

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Dedication This book is dedicated to our wonderful and understanding wives, Shanna Ahmed and Teresa McKinney, (without whom this book would have been finished a year ago), andto our beautiful children (NINE of them, wow), Jennifer (the 16 year old nightmare), Justin, Brittany and Carsen Ahmed, and Allison, Sophie, Garretson, Noah and Isabelle McKinney.

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Preface
The primary focus of this book is to present the basic physics of reservoir engineering using the simplest and most straightforward ofmathematical techniques. It is only through having a complete understanding of physics of reservoir engineering that the engineer can hope to solve complex reservoir problems in a practical manner. The book is arranged so that it can be used as a textbook for senior and graduate students or as a reference book for practicing engineers. Chapter 1 describes the theory and practice of well testing and pressureanalysis techniques, which is probably one of the most important subjects in reservoir engineering. Chapter 2 discusses various water-influx models along with detailed descriptions of the computational steps involved in applying these models. Chapter 3 presents the mathematical treatment of unconventional gas reservoirs that include abnormally-pressured reservoirs, coalbed methane, tight gas, gashydrates, and shallow gas reservoirs. Chapter 4 covers the basic principle oil recovery mechanisms and the various forms of the material balance equation. Chapter 5 focuses on illustrating the practical application of the MBE in predicting the oil reservoir performance under different scenarios of driving mechanisms. Fundamentals of oil field economics are discussed in Chapter 6. Tarek Ahmed andPaul D. McKinney

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About the Authors
Tarek Ahmed, Ph.D., P.E., is a Senior Staff Advisor with Anadarko Petroleum Corporation. Before joining Anadarko in 2002, Dr. Ahmed served as a Professor and Chairman of the Petroleum Engineering Department at Montana Tech of the University of Montana. After leaving his teaching position, Dr...