Zoonosis

ZOONOTIC DISEASES

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ZOONOSIS
A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. or A disease that can be contracted from contaminated foods • Over 150 infectious diseases & conditions that can be transmitted between animals and humans.

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ZOONOSIS
• Familiar examples include: Salmonella E.coli Rabies Tuberculosis

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Animal Species & Possible Zoonosis
Primates (Chimps,Orangutans, Etc.) • Herpesvirus simiae (B virus) • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) • Salmonellosis • Shigella • Yersinia

Zoo Concern: Spread by human and non-human primates. TB M. tuberculosis most likely found in primates. There are also bovine and avian strains as well. Shigella Shigella infections are the result of the bacterium passing from stools or soiled fingers to the mouth. Thishappens when basic hygiene and hand washing habits are inadequate. This includes touching cages that may by coated in feces then touching your mouth area. Flies can also breed in infected feces and then contaminate food. Approximately 300,000 cases of shigellosis occur annually in the United States.

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Animal Species & Possible Zoonosis
Livestock (Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Pigs)

• • • • • • •Escherichia coli Q-fever Giardia Salmonellosis Rabies Orf Ringworm

E. coli is one of hundreds of strains of the bacterium Escherichia coli. Although most strains are harmless and live in the intestines of healthy humans and animals, this strain produces a powerful toxin and can cause severe illness. It was first recognized as a cause of illness in 1982 during an outbreak of severe bloodydiarrhea; the outbreak was traced to contaminated hamburgers. Since then, most infections have come from eating undercooked ground beef. The organism can be found on a small number of cattle farms and can live in the intestines of healthy cattle. Meat can become contaminated during slaughter, and organisms can be thoroughly mixed into beef when it is ground. Bacteria present on the cow's udders or onequipment may get into raw milk. Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, a species of bacteria that is distributed globally. Many human infections are in-apparent. Cattle, sheep, and goats are the primary reservoirs of C. burnetii. Infection has been noted in a wide variety of other animals, including other species of livestock and in domesticated pets. Organisms are excreted inmilk, urine, and feces of infected animals. High concern during lambing. Handling of placental matter and new born lambs. Giardia The Giardia parasite lives in the intestine of infected humans or animals. Millions of germs can be released in a bowel movement from an infected human or animal. Giardia is found in soil, food, water, or surfaces that have been contaminated with the feces from infectedhumans or animals. You can become infected after accidentally swallowing the parasite; you cannot become infected through contact with blood. Symptoms diarrhea/stomach cramps.

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SALMONELLA
• Commonly found in all reptile species
– Human infections from poultry, cattle, sheep and pigs – 5 million cases of food poisoning every year – 70,000 reptile associated cases

• In humans, symptomsdevelop within 6-72 hours
Diarrhea, fever, cramping, bloating, vomiting Symptoms last about a week

• Wear gloves, wash hands. Do not set Education Reptiles on barriers, tables, or other public contact areas. Extra caution with travel carrier.

Salmonella is a group of bacteria passed in feces. Lives in intestinal tract. Warm or cold blooded animals can contract and spread it. Even a healthyreptile should be considered a carrier unless proven otherwise – very difficult to prove however. Due to the fact that reptiles defecate in their cage then walk/crawl in and around it they are quite literally covered in a thin layer of fecal matter that you do not see.

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RABIES
90% of today’s cases from wildlife

Any wild species with the potential to carry rabies that bites a human...