boricuas isleños

Boricuas isleños y nuyorriqueños: La construcción de identidades puertorriqueñas a
través de la poesía de la calle

By

Carla M. Santamaría López

A Dissertation
Submitted to the University at Albany, State University of New York
in Partial Fulfillment of
the Requirements for the Degree of
Doctor of Philosophy

College of Arts and Sciences
Departament of Latin American, Caribbean, and U.S. LatinoStudies
2011

UMI Number: 3457030

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Boricuas isleños y nuyorriqueños: La construcción de identidades puertorriqueñas
a través
és de la poesía de calle

by

Carla M. Santamaría López

COPYRIGHTS 2011

Tabla decontenido:
Abstract

v

Introducción

1

Capítulo I: El dominio colonial de Estados Unidos en Puerto Rico
y la emigración a la metrópoli

26

Capítulo II: Resistencia y lucha: El surgimiento
de un nuevo verso

61

Capítulo III: Construyendo identidades con sabor a calle
y resistencia

102

Capítulo IV: Isleños y nuyorriqueños: Dos comunidades
separadas por el mar, pero unidas por la
cultura

133

CapítuloV: Entre la calle y la cocina: Diferentes
voces dentro de la subalternidad
boricua

183

Capítulo VI: Generaciones poéticas de aquí y de allá

203

Capítulo VII: Conclusiones

221

Referencias

238

iii

Para mi querida Tata, porque fuiste una
bendición en mi vida
Para ti, Mamá, porque eres mi todo

iv

Boricuas isleños y nuyorriqueños: La construcción de identidades puertorriqueñas a
través dela poesía de la calle
Abstract
The cultural expressions of the U.S. Puerto Rican community illustrate a resistance
against the imposition of the dominant Anglo American cultural values and an effort to
denounce the racial inequalities embedded in U.S. society. Writers and artists have
created a space for communicating discontent, seeking social transformation, and
affirming cultural identity andresistance to the assimilation process.
This research explores the origin of the Nuyorican poetic movement, its development,
evolution, as well as its growing popularity in Puerto Rico. I argue that Nuyorican poetry
have influenced cultural production on the Island. In order to support this dissertation, I
explore the work of the following contemporary poets in Puerto Rico: Luis Díaz, StanleyRosario, Guillermo Rebollo Gil, Sietenueve, and René Pérez Joglart. I analyze how the
work of these artists show inherited characteristics from the Nuyorican poetry movement
of the 1970s, cultivated by writers such as Pedro Pietri, Jesús “Papoleto” Meléndez,
Miguel Piñero, Tato Laviera, Sandra María Esteves and Miguel Algarín. Poems from the
new generation of Nuyorican poets, such as María Teresa“Mariposa” Fernández and
Willie Perdomo are also analyzed. The work of these two poets allows us to trace
differences and parallelisms between the founders of the Nuyorican movement and those
subsequent generations.
The cultural dialogue between the Puerto Rican diaspora and the isleños is shaped by the
subaltern position that Boricuas experience both on the Island and the metropolis. This
subordinationis a consequence of Puerto Rico’s colonial condition, the urban poverty
that overwhelms the Island and the social, racial, and ethnic hierarchies that prevail in the
United States and contribute to the subordination of minorities. Nuyorican poetic
expressions have influenced those of the contemporary Island poets, strengthening the
ties between both communities, and proving that the sense of...