Industrial Engeneer And Development

INDUSTRIAL ENGENEER AND DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT AND GNP
The term development has become synonymous of Gross National Product (GNP) growth, and income per capita, which is an arithmetic average that pretend to measure the variations of development. The teachers Stanley Fisher, Rudiger Dornbusch y Richard Schmalensee, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology say:
“The GNP measures theproduction that is paid with money. There are 3 reasons for variations can’t reflect the economic of domestic life levels:
1) Includes police and national defense spending.
2) The leisure increasing improved the welfare without regard the income indicators.
3) The contamination imposes costs on individuals that isn’t reflected in GNP.”
Subsequently been used expressions “sustainabledevelopment” and “human development”, these expressions are reducing their meaning just in one way of true development.

DEVELOPMENT
“Development shouldn’t be considered as the growth of national product, but as a process of human valuation, therefore the society in which is called to evolve. Every discipline related to development must be integrated in a framework that constitutes developmentadministration.”
Lale Pajet, 1969

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Alberto Cortez, political scientist, wrote the article titled “sustainable development, poorness and life quality”:
“…the sustainable concept makes reference to the interrelation of 3 elements:
1) Environmental sustainability, which refers to the need for the development process impact doesn’t destroy in an irreversible way the loadcapacity of the ecosystem.
2) Social sustainability,
a) That aims the social justice and the eradication of social exclusion.
b) The social participation in decision-making.
3) Economic sustainability, understood as an interrelated economic growth with the 2 previous elements, this is, the sustainable human development will result in a new type of economic growth that promotes thesocial equity and establishes a non-destructive relationship with nature.”

DEVELOPMENT AS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
A complete definition would be:
“Development, the life condition of a society in which the needs are satisfied through the rational use of the natural resources and systems.
A sense with more applicability would be that is characterized by conditions in which goods and services areincreasingly available to social groups that form the society. This feature would imply a greater social and economic integration thus reducing the social marginality.
The concept disclosed by the UN, in its Annual Report of Human Development from 1990, is that the development, in general, is basically a life process that allows counting with alternatives of selection for people. There are manyaspirations for people, but mainly concern three:
a) Search of knowledge,
b) Possibility of having a long and healthy life,
c) To have access to resources that allows an acceptable life level.
The UN reaffirms that the macroeconomics measures focuses in production aspects and its relations with population, have its limitations that not only reduces to richness aspect. It emphasizes thathuman development includes two complementary facets. One of them is the formation of human capabilities. The other is that those capabilities could be used in thet different spheres of life: economic, social, cultural and political.”
Source: Giovanni E. Reyes, “Trade and Development: Conceptual Bases and Approach for Latin America and the Caribe”

HOW TO REACH THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
In anarticle published in Peruvian Economy, Efraín Gonzales de Olarte said that the formula for achieve favorable conditions for human development hand is relatively simple:
macroeconomic growth through job creation+efficient institutions+democratic gobernance=human development
The tricky part is how they complement and feed these factors. For this it is essential to have a modern, functioning as a...