Repaso En Ingles De Huesos, Músculos Y Piel

Chapter 2: Bones, Muscles, and Skins

Lesson 1: The Skeletal System

What does the Skeleton Do?

• You have an inner framework. Your framework or skeleton, is made up of all the bones in the your body.


• Your skeleton has five major functions. It provides shape support, enables you to move, and protects your organs. It also produces blood cells and stores minerals and othermaterials until your body needs them.

Shape and Support: Your skeleton shapes and supports the body. It is made up of about 206 bones of different shapes and sizes. Your backbone, or vertebral column, is the center of your skeleton. A total of 26 bones, or vertebrae make up your backbone.

Movement and Protection: Your skeleton allows you to move. Most of the body’s bones are associated withmuscles, which pull on the bones to make them move. Bones also protect many organs in your body.

Production and Storage Substances: Some of your bones produce substances that your body needs. Tissues in the long bones of your arms and legs make certain blood cells. When the body needs these minerals, the bones release small amounts of them into the blood.


What Role Do Joints Play?

• Ajoint is a place where two bones come together. Joints allow bones to move in different ways. You have two kinds of joints: immovable and movable.

Immovable Joints: Connects bones but allow little or no movement. The bones of the skull are connected by immovable joints.

Movable Joints: Most joints are movable. They allow the body to make different movements. The bones in movable joints areheld together by ligaments, which are made by strong connective tissue.



What are the Characteristics of Bones?

• Bones are complex living structures that grow, develop, and repair themselves. Bones are also strong and lightweight. Bones are made up of bone tissue, blood vessels, and nerves.

• A thin, tough outer membrane covers all of a typical bone except the ends. Beneaththe membrane is a thick layer of compact bone, which is hard and dense but not solid. Compact bones contains minerals that gives the bones strength.

• Small canals in the compact bone carry blood vessels and nerves from the bone’s surface to its living cells.

• Long bones have a layer of spongy bone at the ends and under the compact bone. The small spaces within spongy bone make itlightweight but still strong. Bone also has two types of soft connective tissue called marrow.

1. Red bone marrow: Fills the spaces in some of your spongy bone. It produces most of your bloods cells.


2. Yellow bone marrow: Is found in a space in the middle of the bone. It stores fat.

Bone Strength: Bone is both strong and lightweight. Only about 20 percent of an average adult’s bodyweight is bone. Bone is made of tightly packed minerals mainly phosphorus and calcium.

Bone Growth: Bones form new bone tissue as you grow. Your bones are growing longer. Some of your bones absorb the force of your weight. They respond by making new bone tissue. New bone tissue also forms when a bone breaks.

Bone Development: When you are bone, most of your bones cartilage. Cartilage is astrong connective tissue that is more flexible than bone. Most of that cartilage was replaced with bone. Some cartilage still protects the ends of your bones. You also have cartilage in your ears and at the tip of your nose.

Healthy Bones: A combination of a balanced diet and regular exercise are important for healthy bones. A balanced diet includes foods that contain enough calcium andphosphorus to keep your bones strong.

Exercise helps build and maintain strong bones. This weight-bearing activities helps your bones grow stronger.

As you age, your bones start to lose some minerals. This mineral loss can lead to osteoporosis a condition in which bones become weak and break easily. Osteoporosis causes the spaces in a bone to become larger, reducing its density and strength....