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How BehaviorBased Safety Programs Work
Ralph Riley, S&B Engineers Rich Baldwin PCL Construction

ABC Construction Education Conference May 6, 2010

Overview
What is Behavioral Safety? Safety Culture CII Best Practices Understanding Behavioral Safety Elements of Behavioral Change Making Behavior-Based Programs Work Behavioral Safety Observation System

What Is Behavioral Safety?

WhatIs Behavioral Safety?
Behavioral safety is the use of behavioral psychology to promote safety.

What Is Behavioral Safety?
Behavioral safety within an organization typically involves creating a systematic, ongoing process that: Defines critical behaviors that reduce the risk of work-related injury Involves collecting data on the frequency of at-risk behaviors

What Is Behavioral Safety?Also, it involves creating a systematic, ongoing process that:
Ensures feedback and reinforcement to encourage and support selected critical safety practices.

What Is Behavioral Safety?
In a typical behavioral process, employees conduct observations and provide feedback to employees within their work areas. These observations provide data that is used for problem recognition, problemsolving,and continuous improvement.
Terry E. McSween, Ph.D. President, Quality Safety Edge

CONSTRUCTION ACCIDENTS
90% Unsafe Behavior 9% Unsafe Conditions
1% Acts of God

9%

1%

90%
2-3

Safety Pyramid
Fatality Lost Workday

Failures

Top 5 Levels are Indicators of Failure Leading to Reactive Action

Recordable Injury First Aid Case Property Damage

Zero Line Ground LevelNear Hit

Cause Control

At-Risk Behavior
Behavior Change Process Behavior Change Techniques
Physical Factors Knowledge Factors Execution Factors

Attitudes Values

“REAL” Zero Line
Source: E.S. Geller, PhD

Safety Culture

What Is Safety Culture?
A set of assumptions, beliefs and learnings. An attitude developed over time. The way we make decisions, feel, think, and act.

TheSigns of a Safety Culture Visible commitment and involvement by all. Management and workers have a common goal of preventing all injuries. Employees protect each other. Safety systems are established.

The Signs of a Safety Culture Safety is truly a value… not a priority. Thus, safe decisions are automatic… or nearly so. There is widespread intolerance for unsafe behaviors.

Establishing aSafety Culture Cautions:
It takes time Some workers won’t understand the benefits There may be resistance to change Interest can wane There is no finite end – it must be sustained

What Can Destroy a Culture
Awareness Activities Slow Down Training Not Conducted Production Overrides Safety

What Can Destroy a Culture
Supervisors Don’t Set the Example Risks Are Not Communicated Risks Are NotAbated Enforcement and Discipline are Inconsistent

Construction Industry Institute Best Practices

CII Nine Industry Best Practices
Getting to Zero
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

SAFETY PLANNING – PRE-PROJECT / PRE-TASK SAFETY TRAINING AND EDUCATION RECOGNITION AND REWARDS ACCIDENT/INCIDENT REPORTING AND INVESTIGATION DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING DEMONSTRATED MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT STAFFING FORSAFETY WORKER INVOLVEMENT AND PARTICIPATION SUBCONTRACTOR MANAGEMENT

CII Nine Industry Best Practices
Does a formal worker to worker behavior observation program exist on the project?
3.00 2.82

Recordable Incident Rate

2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 1.38

Yes

No

CII Nine Industry Best Practices
Do management and supervisory personnel receive behavior overview training?
3.002.82

Recordable Incident Rate

2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 1.38

Yes

No

Project Safety Performance
Results of implementing best practices
Recordable Incident Rate
38 38 workers workers per 1000 per 1000

4.00 3.00

3.84

2.00

2.00 1.00 0.00
Jobs that Implement Most Sample Mean Jobs that Implement a Few
22workers workers per 1000 per 1000
0.17

Understanding...