Trabajo De Ingles De Parálisis Cerebral Infantil

DEFINITION
There is now a consensus that cerebral palsy (CP) as a group of developmental disorders of movement and posture, causing limitation of
Activity, which are attributed to aggression
No progressive on a developing brain,
In the early fetal period.
The PC Engine disorder often
Accompanied by sensory disturbances, cognitive, communication, perceptual and / or Behavior, and / orepilepsy 1,2,3.
The overall prevalence of PC is approximately between 2 and 3 per 1000 live births.

CLASSIFICATION
The classification according to the predominant motor disorder and the length of the
Involvement, it is useful for orientation
The type of treatment and for prognosis. Another form of
Classification, according to the severity of involvement: mild, moderate, severe or profound, or asthe functional level of mobility.
.
Spastic cerebral palsy
It is the most common. Children with CP
Spastic form a heterogeneous group:

Spastic quadriplegia
It is the most serious. Patients present with involvement of all four limbs. In
Most of these children the appearance of serious
Brain damage is evident from the first
Months of life. In this way is
a high incidence of brainmalformations, intrauterine infections resulting from injuries or injuries classic as multisystem encephalomalacia.

Spastic diplegia
It is the most common. Affected patients present predominantly in the lower extremities. Is especially related to prematurity. The most
Frequent PVL.

Spastic hemiplegia
There paresis of one side of the body, usually involving mainly limb
Higher. The aetiology isassumed in the prenatal
Most cases. The most common causes cortico-subcortical lesions are a
Vascular territorio, cortical displasias or unilateral peri ventricular leukomalacia.
Dyskinesia cerebral palsy
PC is the way more often associated with
Perinatal factors, up to 60-70% of
Cases. It is characterized by fluctuation and
Sudden change in muscle tone, presence
Involuntary movement andpersistence
Of primitive reflexes. Depending on prevailing symptomatology, differentiate
Different clinical forms: a) choreoathetoid form (chorea, athetosis, tremor), b) is
Dystonic and c) mixed form, associated with spasticity. Lesions selectively affect the basal ganglia.

Ataxic cerebral palsy
From a clinical standpoint, initially
The predominant feature is the hypotonic, the
Fullcerebellar syndrome with hypotonic, ataxia, dysmetria, incoordination can
Evident from the year of age. There are three clinical forms: ataxic diplegia, ataxia simple and disequilibrium syndrome.

CAUSE
1. PRENATAL FACTORS
Maternal factors
Clotting disorders, autoimmune diseases, hypertension,
Intrauterine infection, trauma, toxic substances, thyroid dysfunction
Alterations of the placentaThrombosis on the maternal side, thrombosis in the fetal side,
Chronic vascular changes, infection.
Fetal factors
Multiple gestations, intrauterine growth retardation
Polyhydramnios, hydrops fetalis, birth.
2. PERINATAL FACTORS
Prematurity, low birth weight
Maternal fever during labor, CNS or systemic infection
Maintained hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia
intracranial hemorrhageHypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Trauma, cardiac surgery, ECMO
3. Postnatal factors
Infections (meningitis, encephalitis)
Head injury
Convulsive status
Cardiorespiratory arrest
Poisoning
Severe dehydration
Diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy
• Medical history (risk factors pre-, peri-and postnatal)
• Observe the attitude and activity of the child (prone, supine, sitting, standing and suspensions)
• Observethe motor patterns (fine motor and large)
• Review of the ROT, clonus, and Babinski signs Rosolimo
• Assessment of primitive reflexes and postural reflexes (head righting, parachute and Landau)
• Cardinal signs suggestive exploration of PC:
- Motor delay
- Abnormal patterns of movement
- Persistence of primitive reflexes
• Persistence of primitive reflexes
• Hyperextension of both lower...