Transgenic plants

Transgenic plants
Possess a gene or genes that have been transferred from a different species such as another plant, or a microorganism, or other source. They are created in nature duringhorizontal gene transfer
(see horizontal gene transfer in plants)
They can also be created during plant breeding, and especially in recentyears through the use of the plant DNA transformation technique in biotechnology. (see plant breeding, Biotechnology and plant breeding)
Contents
1. Introgression
2. More distant naturaltransfers
3. Hybrid formation in flowering plants and its role in introgression of genes between species
4. Natural movements of genes between species by other routes than pollen
5.Transgenic plants and crop improvement
6. Plant transformation with foreign DNA
7. current global picture of modern transgenic crops
8. regulation of transgenic plants
9. ecological risks10. references

Introgression
the most efficient natural route for gene movement between plant species is by cross-pollination to from fertile plant inter-species hybrids. Such hybrids aresometimes new plant species. But they can also from a gene transmission “bridge” in the hybrid-zone between two distinct plant populations and thus facilitate introgression, which is movement of genesfrom one distinct species or population to another.
More distant natural transfers
The best documented route for natural formation or transgenic plants is gene transfer between a plant apiphyte(such as mosses) or a parasitic plant (like dodder) and the host plant it colonizes.
Non-standard fertilization of whit more than one pollen grain has also been suggested for transfer of a nucleargenome located gene from poa grass genus into the distantly related sheep´s fescue festuca ovina
Another mechanism for horizontal gene transfer is agrobactrium tumefaciens and similar bacteria that...