Verbs Rules

Verb Rules
Principal parts

Accepts= -s form
Accepting= -ing form
Accepted= -ed form or the past tense
Accepted= the past participle
1.
1. Voice

2.1. Active voice: when the subject performs an activity or action on someone or something.
Mary accepts the invitation.
2.2. Passive voice: when the object of the action becomes the grammatical subject
The invitationwas accepted by Mary.
2. Infinitives
Verbs no limited by time. Don´t have tense or mood, sometimes is preceded by to.
I like to take showers.
2. Present Infinitive: refers to present or future.
3.1. Present Active Infinitive: basic form of the verb.
3.2. Present Passive Infinitive: be +past participle
3. Perfect Infinitive: activity or state prior to the main verb4.3. Past Active Infinitive: have + past participle
4.4. Past Passive Infinitive: have been + past participle.
3. Participles
Don´t have mood or tense. Used together with auxiliaries to form progressives and perfect tenses and the passive voices.

1. Present Participles: an action in the present or future.
2.1. Present Active Participles: -ing form
2.2. Present PassiveParticiple: being + past participle
2. Past Participle: Passive participle = action in the past
3.3. Past Active Participle: -ed form
3.4. Past Passive Participle: been + past participle.

4. Mood
1. Indicative mood = to make statement, exclamation or ask question.
I like strawberries
Mary was accepted to Harvard!
Are you going to the movies?
2. Imperative mood = togive orders, commands, demands or requests. Sometimes is used to give directions.
2.1. Active Imperative: the basic form of the verb.
Go! Stop! Eat and drink, bring me your homework.
2.2. Passive Imperative:be + past participle: be frightened
get + past participle: get hired

3. Subjunctive mood = express wish, something that was said, or describing something hypothetical.3.1 Present Subjunctive: used with “that” clause after verbs, adjectives or nouns; for a condition; to set expressions of desire.

3.1.1 Present Subjunctive Active: the verbs basic form (except “be”).
We suggested that she travel to London
I demanded that he refund my money
3.1.2 Present Subjunctive Passive: be + past participle.
I insist that you be heard.

3.2 Past Subjunctive= describessomething hypothetical. After “if”, “as if”, “though”, “wish”, “suppose”

3.2.1 Past Subjunctive Active: the forms of past, for tobe “were” is used in all persons.
If you tried, you could do it.
If he were rich, he would buy a car.
3.2.2 Past Subjunctive Passive: were + past participle
I wish that we were warned.

3.3 Future Subjunctive = an action that may come.

3.3.1 FutureSubjunctive Active: should + basic form
If ever you should leave me, I would die
If I should be in town next week, I will call you
3.3.2 Future Subjunctive Passive: should be + past participle
If he should be harmed, you will all be punished.

5. Tense
Express time when an action takes place.
6. Person and Number
Three persons: first, second, third (I, you, he, she, it, we, they).
Twonumbers: singular and plural.
7. Aspect: Progressive and Perfect
How an action or mood is experienced or viewed by the speaker.

1. Progressive Aspect: something in progress at the time of the verb´s action.

2.1. Present Progressive = an action still going on the present.

2.2.1. Present Progressive Active: present tense of be + present participle
I am reading
You arethinking
1.1.2. Present Progressive Passive: (am, are, is) + being + passive participle
I am being driven
She is being tested
2. Perfect Aspect: refer to an action or state that precedes some action or state
1. Present Perfect = an action or state begun in the past and leading up to the present
1.1. Present Perfect Active: have or has + past participle
I, we, you, they have arrived...