Agua

ARMY TM 5-813-3
AIR FORCE AFM 88-10, Vol 3

WATER SUPPLY, WATER TREATMENT

.

DEPARTMENTS OF THE ARMY AND THE AIR FORCE
16 SEPTEMBER 1985

TM 5-813-3/AFM 88-10, Vol 3
q

REPRODUCTION AUTHORIZATION/RESTRICTIONS
This manual has been prepared by or for the Government and, except to the extent indicated below, is public prop
erty and not subject to copyright.
Copyrighted materialincluded in the manual has been used with the knowledge and permission of the proprietors
and is acknowledged as such at point of use. Anyone wishing to make further use of any copyrighted material, by itself and apart from this text, should seek necessary permission directly from the proprietors.
Reprints or republications of this manual should include a credit substantially as follows: “JointDepartments of
the Army and Air Force, USA, Technical Manual TM 5-813-3/AFM 88-10, Volume 3, Water Supply, Water Treatment.”
If the reprint or republication includes copyrighted material, the credit should also state: “Anyone wishing to
make further use of copyrighted material, by itself and apart from this text, should seek necessary permission
directly from the proprietors.”

CHAPTER 1.GENERAL
Purpose and scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water treatment projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water quality criteria and standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1-1
1-2
1-3

2. WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES
Process selection factor .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
2-1
Preliminary treatment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-2
Aeration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Coagulation and flocculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-4
Sedimentation basins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
2-5
Filtration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Disinfection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-7
Fluoride adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-8
Taste-and-odor control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
2-9
Softening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Iron and manganese control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-11
Corrosion and scale control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-12
2-13
Special processes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ., . . . . . . . , . . . .
3.WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS
General design criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-1
Plant siting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-2
Process selection and design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-3
Reliability, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-4
Operating considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-5
Plant capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-6
4.MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL
lMeasurement of process variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-1
Control, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-2
Design of instruments and controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-3
5.WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS
Chemical properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-1
Chemical standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5-2...