articulo para exponer en ingles

Model changes, nationalizations and investment confidence

After decades of implementation of the current model of development, there have been formed fissures that not only imply being supporting maybe the worst of the crises that have had the industrialized countries, but adjustments and changes of the governments and in the policies. In effect, after assuming the consequences of a model ofdevelopment imposed with base in military dictatorships (in Colombia they were not necessary), the economies of Latin America have been looking for alternatives very different from the ghost of the socialism of the 21st century (thing that for the rest does not exist) and that they have spent for exploring in the cooperation and in the integration the essential foundations to face the challenges ofthe world trade, but also of the lag, of the poverty and of the inequality. The failures of the model of substitution, Of the protectionism without intentions different from the defense extreme of a few managerial elites without concrete projects of growth and productive diversification, as well as of the untid debt of the economies, they drove to the implementation of the structural reforms inthe decades of 1980 and 1990 and with them to re-defining the function of the State, leading to activities of regulation externally it if of the production, there being delivered the managing of strategic sectors, conceived as natural monopolies to the private capital, by the hope to achieve substantial improvements in his management

It was demonstrated then an epoch of great summit of the ForeignDirect Investment, across the Transnational Companies (ETN), which might be considered to be a deepening of the internationalization of the economies, rested on the advances of the telecommunications and of the transport, this allowed not only real time transactions but processes of productive relocation, looking for significant savings and with it the achievement of major standards ofcompetitiveness.
The ETN have assumed the control (in oligopoly or monopoly) of important strategic sectors in the Latin-American economies, between them be worth mentioning the topics of hydrocarbons, social protection, mining industry, communications, banking and enclosedly manufacturing industry, especially the sectors of food, drinks and personal care. This has been realized under the logic of assumingthe control of the internal markets across mergers or acquisitions with monopolistic already existing companies, well be with the private sector or acquiring them of the public sector thanks to the privatizations stimulated in the structural changes. Be observed that the strategy is to take possession on sectors controlled by existing companies, in rare occasions this has been accompanying of theexpansion of plants or of the extension of eslabonamientos backward or ahead that they would lead to processes of reindustrialization. On the contrary, one could have demonstrated since at par with this the desindustrialización has been typical in the Continent and in Colombia especially
This has been accompanied of public policies that have departed from a false pretension of horizontalidad: thebest politics is not to have policies. This way it passed of having industrial policies to policies of competitiveness, of having procedure for the productive promotion to raise a legislation that does not have the sufficient conditions to promote structural changes in the productive system, particularly in a country characterized by the existence of mike, small and medium company. From the fiscaland tributary policies a lax enough attitude has been assumed opposite to the big companies and especially with the ETN, this has represented that socially has assumed the financial risk of these companies. Today one possesses a politics monetary and exchange that alone answers to Orthodox intentions of inflationary managing, forgetting to have incident on the growth, the employment and leaving...