Biogas
and waste water
treatment plants
The chilean experience
Monterrey‐ México
January 2009
Ian D. Nelson
General facts about Chile
•
Population: 16 M (Santiago, 6 M)
•
Area: 756.000 Km2
•
Exports 2006: 58,2 B
•
GDP per capita: 9.700 US$ (13.700 US$ PPP)
•
Copper: market share of 36%
•Primary energy consumption: 1,8 TOE/hab
(China = 1,4 France = 4,4 USA = 7,9 Latin America Average = 1,1)
General facts about Chile
Primary Energy : Fuels
General facts about Chile
Energy Dependency
The Natural Gas Sector
Protocolo de Integración
Gasífera (1995)
The “rush” for Natural gas took
place at the end of the nineties
More than 3 bn US$ in
investments (pipelines, local
distributors).Main 5 Natural Gas Distribution
Companies:
Metrogas: Market
Metrogas is the largest Natural Gas distributor
in Chile.
Operations started in 1997
450.000 Customers ( as of end 2008)
Over 400 Large customers (industries)
4700 km of pipelines
> 1.000 MMUS$ Investments
Turnover: 300 MMUS$/y
2006: Commercial and Residential demand: 317
[MMm3/year]. 2004: Industrial Demand 532 [MMm3/year].
Before the Natural Gas crisis, Metrogas reached 85%
of Industrial market share, replacing liquid and
gaseous fuels.
Metrogas: distribution networks & GasAndes pipeline
Metrogas Main Distribution Network
Metrogas
Biogas, main drivers
Market
Conditions
Energy
Crisis
Biogas
Environmental
benefits
Energy Crisis
‐Lack of investments in the upstream/midstream sector in Argentina; gas‐elec prices “frozen” by regulatory
decrees.
‐
Argentina reduced gas exports to chile (2007: exports = less than cooking /heating needs for the residential‐
commercial sector)
‐
Impact on the electricity sector: need to convert Combined Cycle Gas turbines to Diesel, more coal fuelled
plants in operation, serious risks of electricity shortages.
‐May 2006‐ Dec 2008: no gas at all for the Industrial sector.
‐
2007‐2008: Propane Air plant put in service to produce Synthetic natural gas.
‐
Nevertheless, small‐medium customers never suffered gas shortages, so far.
‐
Government and Private sector took right decisions : investment incentives (Power sector – Upstream Gas), call for demand efficiency, strategic projects ( GNL, Propane Air for back up), promotion of renewable energy
(wind, Geothermal, Biomass)
‐
Chile before 2004: focused on cost eficiency;
‐
Chile after crisis: cost eficiency, diversification of the energy matrix and secure fuel supplies
Biogas is part of the country’s energy
strategy
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•
•
•
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Landfills
Water Treatment Plants
Liquid Industrial Waste Treatment PlantsCoal Mines
Biomass
Biogas, main drivers
Market
Conditions
Energy
Crisis
Biogas
Environmental
benefits
Biogas Potential in Chile
Biogás [Mm3/año]
Metano [Mm3/año]
Plantas de Tratamiento de Aguas
137.369
82.421
Rellenos Sanitarios c/captación de biogás
115.551
57.775 *
Rellenos Sanitarios s/captación de biogás
53.671
26.835
RILES
47.83828.703
Pre‐tratamiento aguas residuales urbanas
80.652
50.811
Biomasa de principales cultivos de temporada
387.791
240.430
425
297
Biomasa de desechos industria vitivinícola
27.561
17.088
Biomasa de residuos sólidos industria cervecera
8.752
5.533
Biomasa de industria de Lácteos
3.580
2.148
Biomasa de industria conservera de frutas y verduras65.163
39.098
Biomasa bebidas de infusión
2.412
4.387
Biomasa residuos de matadero
29.775
19.353
132
92
Biomasa a partir de estiércol (avícola, vacunos y porcinos)
1.027.453
607.872
Total
1.988.125
1.125.068**
Fuente
Biomasa de residuos de poda y desmalezados municipales
Biomasa residuos industrias aceites y grasas...
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