Biology scrapbook

Hfgv dDEFINITION OF TAXONOMY:
The scientific classification of organisms into specially named groups based either on shared characteristics or on evolutionary relationships asinferred from the fossil record or established by genetic analysis.

CAROLUS LINNAEUS
Carolus Linnaeus, is often called the Father of Taxonomy. Was a Swedish botanist who created the taxonomical systemthat is most commonly used today. It is a hierarchial system consisting of Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. This system includes binomial nomenclature, which consists of aspecies ephithet of the
genus and species name.

CLASSIFICATION SCHEME:
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, speciesspirochets curved walls
Coccus spherical bacilli rod-shaped


BACTERIA:
Bacteria are microscopic organisms whose single cells haveneither a membrane-bounded nucleus nor other membrane-bounded organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Bacteria are prokaryotes, that is, they are organisms that lack membranes surroundingtheir genetic material.
Properties of Bacteria
* prokaryotic (no membrane-enclosed nucleus)
* no mitochondria or chloroplasts
* a single chromosome
* a closed circle ofdouble-stranded DNA
* with no associated histones
* If flagella are present, they are made of a single filament of the protein flagellin
* ribosomes differ in their structure from those ofeukaryotes
* have a rigid cell wall made of peptidoglycan.
* no mitosis
* mostly asexual reproduction
* any sexual reproduction very different from that of eukaryotes; no meiosis
*Many bacteria form a single spore when their food supply runs low
How they eat : They make proteins called enzymes inside the cell and these travel thru the cell wall into the surrounding medium....