Cellular Organization (Summary)

What is Cellular organization?
A form of organization consisting of a collection of self-managing firms or cells held together by mutual interest. A cellular organization is built on the principlesof self-organization, member ownership, and entrepreneurship. Each cell within the organization shares common features and purposes with its sister cells but is also able to function independently.Groups of cells:
• Prokaryotes (Prokaryotic cells are smaller and lack much of the internal compartmentalization and complexity of eukaryotic cells.)
• Eukaryotes (Eukaryotic cells have a greatvariety of organelles and structures)
Thought, no matter which type of cell we are considering, all cells have certain features in common, such as a cell membrane, DNA and RNA, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.Cell size and shape
• Quite varied
• Some cells are encased in a rigid wall constraining their shape while others have a flexible membrane.
• Size of cells related to their functions.
•Example: Red blood cells in doughnut shape for the transport of oxygen molecules.

Cell Membrane:
• A biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment.
• Actsas a semi-permeable membrane
• Protects the cell from outside forces
• Consists of lipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Cell Wall:
• The cell wall is the tough, usually flexible but sometimesfairly rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells.
• Not all living things have cell wall (most notably in animals)
• Located outside the membrane
• Its function is to act as a pressure vessel,preventing over expansion.

Nucleus:
• The nucleus is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
• Contains most of the genetic material
• Long linear DNA molecules in complex with alarge variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes.

Cytoplasm:
• The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance residing between the cell membrane holding all the cell's internal...