Corrosion And Corrosion Control

CORROSION AND CORROSION CONTROL An Introduction to Corrosion Science and Engineering
FOURTH EDITION

R. Winston Revie
Senior Research Scientist CANMET Materials Technology Laboratory Natural Resources Canada

Herbert H. Uhlig
Former Professor Emeritus Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology

A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATIONCORROSION AND CORROSION CONTROL

CORROSION AND CORROSION CONTROL An Introduction to Corrosion Science and Engineering
FOURTH EDITION

R. Winston Revie
Senior Research Scientist CANMET Materials Technology Laboratory Natural Resources Canada

Herbert H. Uhlig
Former Professor Emeritus Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology

A JOHN WILEY & SONS,INC., PUBLICATION

Copyright © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All right reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted underSection 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978)750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed tothe Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of thecontents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall beliable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley alsopublishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Uhlig, Herbert Henry, 1907– Corrosion and corrosion control : an introduction to corrosion science and engineering / Herbert H. Uhlig, R.Winston Revie.—4th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-471-73279-2 (cloth) 1. Corrosion and anti-corrosives. I. Revie, R. Winston (Robert Winston), 1944– II. Title. TA462.U39 2008 620.1′1223–dc22 2007041578 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

CONTENTS

Preface

xvii 1 1 1 2 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 9 9 11 13 15 18 19 19

1

DEFINITION ANDIMPORTANCE OF CORROSION 1.1 Definition of Corrosion 1.1.1 Corrosion Science and Corrosion Engineering 1.2 Importance of Corrosion 1.3 Risk Management 1.4 Causes of Corrosion 1.4.1 Change in Gibbs Free Energy 1.4.2 Pilling–Bedworth Ratio References General References Problems ELECTROCHEMICAL MECHANISMS 2.1 The Dry-Cell Analogy and Faraday’s Law 2.2 Definition of Anode and Cathode 2.3 Types of Cells...