Definición De Términos; Phonetics And Phonology

Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla

Facultad de Lenguas

Final paper

Phonetics and Phonology

Alma Lucero Díaz Velázquez

4/05/2011

Dra. Patricia Preciado Lloyd

Definition of the term Phonetics:

According with the book of Carr (1999) the definition of Phonetics is: “The study of human speech sounds”... [1a.] (p.35)
David (2003) explains that “The Phonetics is dividedinto three main branches, corresponding to these three distinctions:

* Articulatory phonetics is the study of the way the vocal organs are used to produce speech sounds.
* Acoustic phonetics is the study of the physical properties of speech sounds.
* Auditory phonetics is the study of the way people perceive speech sounds”.... [2a.] (p.152)

The Author Peter (2001) we says in yourlittle encyclopaedia; “The phonetics It has a long history, going back certainly to well over two thousand years ago. The central concerns in phonetics are the discovery of how speech sounds are produced, how they are used in spoken language, how we can record speech sounds with written symbols and how we hear and recognize different sounds. In the first of these areas, when we study theproduction of speech sounds we can observe what speakers do (articulatory observation) and we can try to feel what is going on inside our vocal tract (kinaesthetic observation). The second area is where phonetics overlaps with phonology: usually in phonetics we are
Only interested in sounds that are used in meaningful speech and phoneticians are interested in discovering the range and variety of soundsused in this way in all the known languages of the world. This is sometimes known as linguistic phonetics. Thirdly, there has always been a need for agreed conventions for using phonetic symbols that represent speech sounds; the International Phonetic Association has played a very important role in this. Finally, the auditory aspect of speech is very important: the ear is capable of making finediscrimination between different sounds, and sometimes it is not possible to define in articulatory terms precisely what the difference is. A good example of this is in vowel classification: while it is important to know the position and shape of the tongue and lips, it is often very important to have been trained in an agreed set of standard auditory qualities that vowels can be reliably relatedto”.
(p.63)

Definition of the term Phonology:
David (2005) defines the phonology such as: “The branch of linguistics concerned with the study of speech sounds with reference to their distribution and patterning. 
Peter (2001) we have been told that the phonology is “The most basic activity in phonology is phonemic analysis, in which the objective is to establish what the phonemes are and arriveat the phonemic inventory of the language. Very few phonologists have ever believed that this would be an adequate analysis of the sound system of a language: it is necessary to go beyond this. One can look at suprasegmental phonology – the study of stress, rhythm and intonation, which has led in recent years to new approaches to phonology such as metrical and autosegmental theory; one can gobeyond the phoneme and look into the detailed characteristics of each unit in terms of distinctive features; the way in which sounds can combine in a language is studied in phonotactics and in the analysis of syllable structure. For some phonologists the most important area is the relationships between the different phonemes – how they form groups, the nature of the oppositions between them and howthose oppositions may be neutralized.
Until the second half of the twentieth century most phonology had been treated as a separate “level” that had little to do with other “higher” areas of language such as morphology and grammar”. (p. 64)

Definition of the term Phoneme:
Peter (2001) we define the phoneme as follows “This is the fundamental unit of phonology, which has been defined and...