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China
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the People's Republic of China. For other uses, see China (disambiguation).
"PRC" redirects here. For other uses, see PRC (disambiguation).

People's Republic of China
中华人民共和国
Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó

Flag National Emblem
Anthem:



"March of the Volunteers"
《义勇军进行曲》 (Pinyin: "Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ")

CapitalBeijing
39°55′N 116°23′E
Largest city Shanghai[1][2]
Official language(s) Standard Chinese[3]
Recognised regional languages Mongolian, Tibetan, Uyghur, Zhuang, and various others
Official written language Vernacular Chinese
Official script Simplified Chinese[3]
Ethnic groups 91.51% Han;[4] 55 recognised minorities
List of ethnic groups[show]
Demonym Chinese
Government NominallyMarxist–Leninist single-party state[5][a]
- President[b] Hu Jintao
- Congress Chairman Wu Bangguo
- Premier Wen Jiabao
- Conference Chairman Jia Qinglin
Legislature National People's Congress
Establishment
- Unification of China under the Qin Dynasty 221 BC
- Republic established 1 January 1912
- People's Republic proclaimed 1 October 1949
Area
- Total 9,640,821 km2 [c] or9,671,018 km²[c](3rd/4th)
3,704,427 sq mi
- Water (%) 2.8[d]
Population
- 2010 census 1,339,724,852[4] (1st)
- Density 139.6/km2 (53rd)
363.3/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate
- Total $11.299 trillion[6] (2nd)
- Per capita $8,382[6] (91st)
GDP (nominal) 2011 estimate
- Total $7.298 trillion[6] (2nd)
- Per capita $5,413[6] (90th)
Gini (2007) 41.5[7]
HDI (2011) 0.687[8] (medium)(101st)
Currency Renminbi (yuan) (¥) (CNY)
Time zone China Standard Time (UTC+8)
Date formats yyyy-mm-dd
or yyyy年m月d日
(CE; CE-1949)
Drives on the right, except for Hong Kong & Macau
ISO 3166 code CN
Internet TLD .cn[c] .中國[9] .中国
Calling code +86[c]
a. ^ Simple characterizations of the political structure since the 1980s are no longer possible.[10]
b. ^ As paramount leader, Hu Jintaoholds four concurrent positions: General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, President of the People's Republic of China, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission for both state and party.[11]
c. ^ 9,598,086 km2 (3,705,842 sq mi) excludes all disputed territories.
9,640,821 km2 (3,722,342 sq mi) Includes Chinese-administered area (Aksai Chin and Trans-Karakoram Tract, both territoriesclaimed by India), Taiwan is not included.[12]
d. ^ Information for mainland China only. Hong Kong, Macau, and territories under the jurisdiction of the Republic of China (Taiwan) are excluded.
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion.The East Asian state covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, and is the world's second-largest country by land area,[13] and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.[14]
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China.[15] It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions,four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing[16] special administrative regions (SARs), Hong Kong and Macau. Its capital city is Beijing.[17] The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status ofTaiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
China's landscape is vast and diverse, with forest steppes and the Gobi and Taklamakan deserts occupying the arid north and northwest near Mongolia and Central Asia, and subtropical forests being prevalent in the wetter south near Southeast Asia. The terrain of western China is rugged and...