Engine Tunning

Engine tuning
Engine tuning is the adjustment, modification or design of internal combustion engines to yield optimal performance, to increase an engine's power output, economy, or durability. It has a long history, almost as long as the development of the car in general, originating with the development of early racing cars, and later, with the post-war hot-rod movement. Tuning can describe awide variety of adjustments and modifications, from the routine adjustment of the carburetor and ignition system to significant engine overhauls. At the other end of the scale, performance tuning of an engine can involve revisiting some of the design decisions taken at quite an early stage in the development of the engine.
Setting the idle speed, fuel/air mixture, carburetor balance, spark plugand distributor point gaps, and ignition timing were regular maintenance items for all older engines and the final but essential steps in setting up a racing engine. On modern engines, equipped with electronic ignition and fuel injection, some or all of these tasks are automated, although they still require
Engine tune-up
Main article: Tune-up

A tune-up usually refers to the routine servicingof the engine to meet the manufacturer's specifications. Tune-ups are needed periodically as according to the manufacturer's recommendations to ensure an automobile runs as expected. Modern vehicles now often run over 160,000 km (or 10 years) without requiring a tune-up.[citation needed]
Tune-ups may include the following:
• Re-fastening of cylinder head bolts
• Adjustment of thecarburetor idle speed and the air-fuel mixture
• Inspection and possible replacement of ignition system components like contact breaker, distributor cap and rotor button
• Replacement of the air filter and other filters
• Inspection of emission controls
• Valve adjustment
• Replacement of spark plugs
In early days, mechanics finished tuning up a performance car such as a Ferrariand would take it around a track several times to burn out any built-up carbon; this is known as an Italian tuneup.
[-] Chip tuning
Main article: Chip tuning

Modern engines are equipped with an engine management system which can be modified to different settings, producing different performance levels. Manufacturers often produce a few engines which are used in a wider range of models andplatforms, and this allows the manufacturers to sell cars in various markets with different regulations without having to spend money developing and designing different engines to fit these regulations. This also allows for a single engine to be used by different brands, tuned to suit their particular market.
[-] Performance tuning
Performance tuning focuses on tuning an engine for motor sport,although many such cars never compete but rather are built for show or leisure driving. In this context, the power output, torque, and responsiveness of the engine are of premium importance, but reliability and fuel economy are also relevant. In races, the engine must be strong enough to withstand the additional stress placed upon it, and so is often far stronger than any mass-produced design onwhich it may be based, and also that the vehicle must carry sufficient fuel. In particular, the transmission, driveshaft and any other load-bearing powertrain components may need to be modified in order to withstand the load from the increased power. Performance tuning can also include replacement and thus optimisation of transmission components such as the stock stick shift with a short shifter andthe OEM shift knob with a Weighted Gear Knob
In most cases, people are interested in increasing the power output of an engine. Many well tried and tested techniques have been devised to achieve this, but all essentially operate to increase the rate (and to a lesser extent efficiency) of combustion in a given engine. This is achieved by putting more air/fuel mixture into the engine, using a fuel...