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Chichén Itzá
In Yucatan is located a ruined city, Chichén Itza. Chichén was founded about the 6th century ce, presumably by Maya peoples of the Yucatán Peninsula who hadoccupied the region since the Pre-Classic. This archeological site has many structures, like the Akabtzib, Chichanchob, the Iglesia, and the Casa de las Monjas. Chichén was invaded byforeigners, probably Maya speakers who had been strongly influenced —and perhaps were directed— by the Toltec of central Mexico. The major building, El Castillo, was constructed bythese invaders.
El Castillo has four sides, each with 91 stairs and facing a cardinal direction; including the step on the top platform, these combine for a total of 365steps—the number of days in the solar year. During the spring and autumnal equinoxes, a snake going down the stairways had given a symbol of Quetzalcoatl by the Sun. Excavations within thenine-platform pyramid have revealed another, earlier structure containing a red jaguar throne studded with jade.
Most of these buildings probably were completed in the EarlyPost-Classic Period (c. 900–1200). In the Late Post-Classic Period (c. 1200–1540), Chichén appears to have been eclipsed by the rise of the city of Mayapán. For a time Chichén joinedUxmal and Mayapán in a political confederacy known as the League of Mayapán.
When the Spanish entered the country in the 16th century, the major cities, including Chichén, werelargely abandoned.
(From: John S. Bolles, Las Monjas: A Major Pre-Mexican Architectural Complex at Chichén Itzá (1977); Clemency Chase Coggins and Orrin C. Shane III (eds.),Cenote of Sacrifice: Maya Treasures from the Sacred Well at Chichén Itzá (1984); Clemency Chase Coggins (ed.), Artifacts from the Cenote of Sacrifice, Chichén Itzá, Yucatan (1992).)