Human cloning

Cloning in biology is the process of producing populations of genetically-identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. Cloningin biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cells (cell cloning), or organisms. More generally, the term refers to the production of multiple copiesof a product such as digital media or software.

Molecular cloning refers to the process of making multiple copies of a defined DNA sequence.
Cloning of any DNA fragment essentially involves foursteps [1]
1. fragmentation - breaking apart a strand of DNA
2. ligation - gluing together pieces of DNA in a desired sequence
3. transfection - inserting the newly formed pieces of DNA into cells4. screening/selection - selecting out the cells that were successfully transfected with the new DNA
Cellular cloning

Cloning a cell means to derive a population of cells from a single cell.In the case of unicellular organisms such as bacteria and yeast, this process is remarkably simple and essentially only requires the inoculation of the appropriate medium. However, in the case of cellcultures from multi-cellular organisms, cell cloning is an arduous task as these cells will not readily grow in standard media.

Organism cloning
Organism cloning refers to the procedure ofcreating a new multicellular organism, genetically identical to another. In essence this form of cloning is an asexual method of reproduction, where fertilization or inter-gamete contact does not take place.Asexual reproduction is a naturally occurring phenomenon in many species, including most plants (see vegetative reproduction) and some insects.
Dolly the Sheep
Dolly (1996-07-05 – 2003-02-14), aFinn Dorsett ewe, was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell, though the first actual thing to be cloned, was a tadpole in 1952[1]. She was cloned at the Roslin Institute...