Impacto de padres en el envolvimiento de escuelas

Chapter 1: Introduction
Introduction
Parent involvement has been shown to have a positive effect in the student’s academic achievement. Superintendents, principals, counselors, policymakers and teachers emphasize the importance and encourage families to become more involved. The innovations of new programs to promote parents’ involvement in their children education are present in everyschool of this society. The study of the importance of parental involvement in the education of children is a frequently researched topic among sociologists and educational researchers. They have all in common the fact that parental involvement has a significant positive effect on children’s overall academic achievement.
Statement of the problem
The importance of parent’s involvement is notlonger to be discussed; however, the impact of parent involvement on children’s academic can be questioned.  Nye, Turner and Schwartz, (2006) suggested that this lack of certainty is that parent involvement can be defined in various ways. They found in their research that “when parents participated in academic enrichment activities with their children outside of school for an average of less than 12weeks, children demonstrated an equivalent of 4 to 5 months improvement in reading or math performance” (n.p.). In other words, when parents get involved in activities out of the school has a great impact in the academic performance of children in school. (Nye, Turner, Schwartz)
On the other hand, Epstein, (1995) argued that school, family and community partnerships should join forces to havean impact on the children education. Epstein suggested that “child's educational development is enhanced when these three environments work
collaboratively toward shared goals” (n.p). The collaboration of these three factors is necessary to have a great impact in the student’s academic achievement. Parents are not to have an impact in their children education if they don’t get the help fromthe community and school (Epstein n.p).
Moreover, Hoover and Sandler (1995) mentioned that parental involvement is home-based activities and school-based activities. They support the idea that children's schooling is affected through their acquisition of knowledge, skills, and an increased sense of confidence influenced by parents. (Hoover, Sandler)
Research questions
How does parentinvolvement impact the academic achievement in elementary school children?
Objectives
The primary objectives of this proposal are to compare different parents’ school involvement researches and identify what parental involvement activities are the most beneficial.
Hypotheses
There is a positive and significant impact in student learning when parents get involved in activities outside schoolhours.

Definitions of terms
* Parental involvement: It is the participation of parents in their child’s educational future. The communication involving student’s academic learning and other school curricular activities. (American Psychological Association, 2007).
* Academic achievement: Something accomplished successfully by practice (American Psychological Association, 2007).
*Impact: the power to bring about a result on another (Merriam-Webster Online, 2010, n.p.).
* Collaboration: to work jointly with others or together especially in an intellectual endeavor (Merriam-Webster Online, 2010, n.p.).
* Academic: a member of an institution of learning (Merriam-Webster online, n.p.).
* Involve: to engage as a participant (Merriam-Webster Online, 2010, n.p.).* Research: Studious inquiry or examination; especially investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws (Merriam-Webster Online, 2010, n.p.).
* Performance: The doing of an action (Merriam-Webster Online, 2010, n.p.)....