Implicaciones de biorefinerias en la enería y el mercado

Workshop and Report on Implications of Bio-refineries for Energy and Trade in the APEC Region
(EWG 05/2008A)

APEC 21st Century Renewable Energy Development Initiative (Collaborative IX) November 2009

APEC Project No. EWG 05/2008A Produced by Nexant, Inc. and Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) Nexant team led by Larry Song, General Manager Nexant China 44 South BroadwayWhite Plains, NY 10601, USA ITRI team led by Seng-Rung Wu, Senior Researcher Energy and Environment Research Lab. Bldg. 64, 195, Sec. 4, Chung Hsing Rd., Chutung Hsinchu 31040, Chinese Taipei

Produced for Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Secretariat 35 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Singapore 119616 Tel：(65) 68919 600 Fax: (65) 68919 690 Email： info@apec.org Website: www.apec.org c ○2009 APECSecretariat ISBN：978-981-08-4588-9 [APEC# 209-RE-01.7]
This report has been prepared for APEC Secretariat. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of APEC, of Nexant or of ITRI. Except where specifically stated otherwise in the report, the information contained herein was prepared on the basis of information that is publicly available and has not been independentlyverified or otherwise examined to determine its accuracy, completeness or financial feasibility. Neither Nexant, ITRI nor any person acting on behalf of either assumes any liabilities with respect to the use of or for damages resulting from the use of any information contained in this report. Nexant or ITRI does not represent or warrant that any assumed conditions will come to pass. This reportspeaks only as of the date herein and Nexant and ITRI have no responsibility to update this report. This report is integral and must be read in its entirety. This notice must accompany every copy of this report.

Table of Contents
Section 1 Page

Executive Summary........................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.61.7 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1.1 Bio-refinery Technology Challenges........................................................ 1-3 TECHNOLOGY ................................................................................................... 1-4 WATER USAGE FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION.......................................... 1-8 FEEDSTOCKS ..................................................................................................... 1-9 CO-PRODUCTS................................................................................................... 1-10 BIO-REFINERY WORKSHOP ........................................................................... 1-10RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................................................... 1-11 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 2-1 BIO-REFINERY ISSUES AND DRIVERS ........................................................ 2-3 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 Liquid Biofuels Issues .............................................................................. 2-3Bio-refinery Technology .......................................................................... 2-5 Feedstock Challenges Have Emerged ...................................................... 2-7

2

Introduction..................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 2.2

3

Bio-refinery Technologies.............................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 3.2 OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................... 3-1 FERMENTATION ............................................................................................... 3-3 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.2.7 3.2.8 3.2.9 3.3 Starchy Feedstocks –...